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“东京审判”之谜:28名甲级战犯是如何选定的

2016-04-28 15:32:36   人民网

在起诉对象的人数(约二十至三十人)和犯罪的时期(约十七年)两个问题决定之后,检察处面临的另一个更困难的问题便是:哪一些在押的甲级战犯应该首先被起诉?换言之,哪二三十名甲级战犯应该被挑选出来作为第一案的被告,使其首先在远东国际法庭受审?

这个问题在检察处内部是有过很激烈的争议的。诚然,对于某些罪大恶极、臭名远扬的元凶巨魁如东条英机之流,大家是毫无异议的。但是对于比较次要的人物,各人却有不同的意见。例如,苏联陪席检察官自始便坚决主张鲇川义介(贵族院议员,满洲重工业日产社社长)和中岛知久平(中岛飞机之创始人,历任商相、铁相、军需相)应该列名为第一批受审的被告。但是季楠检察长未予同意,因为鲇川和中岛都是日本的大企业家、大资本家,而袒护财阀和资本家,自始便是美国政府的既定政策。关于这一点,我们在评述乡古洁(三菱重工业社社长)被突然释放时便已经提到过。

经过长时间的讨论和争辩,季楠最后决定挑选下列二十八人作为第一批起诉的被告(其顺序是按照其姓氏的英文字母的先后顺序排列的):

1.荒木贞夫(ARAKI,Sadao)

2.土肥原贤二(DOHIHARA,Kenji)

3.桥本欣五郎(HASHIMOTO,Kingoro)

4俊六(HATA,Shunroku)

5.平沼骐一郎(HIRANUMA,Kiichiro)

6.广田弘毅(HIROTAKoki)

7.星野直树(HOSHINO,Naoki)

8.板垣征四郎(ITAGAKI,Seishiro)

9.贺屋兴宣(KAYA,Okinori)

10.木户幸一(KIDO,Koichi)

11.木村兵太郎(KIMURA,Heitaro)

12.小矶国昭(KOISO,Kuniaki)

13.松井石根(MATSUI,Iwane)

14.松冈洋右(MATSVOKA,Yosuke)

15.南次郎(MANAMI,Jiro)

16.武藤章(MVTO,Akira)

17.永野修身(NAGANO,Osami)

18.冈敬纯(OKA,Takasumi)

19.大川周明(OKAWA,Shumei)

20.大岛浩(OSHIMA,Hiroshi)

21.佐藤贤了(SATO,Kenryo)

22.重光葵(SHIGEMITSV,Mamorw)

23.岛田繁太郎(SHMADA,Shigetaro)

24.白鸟敏夫(SHIRATORI,Toshio)

25.铃木贞一(SUZUKI,Techi)

26.东乡茂德(TOGO,Shigenori)

27.东条英机(TOJO,Hideki)

28.梅津美治郎(UMEZU,Yoshijiro)

这二十八名战犯绝大多数都是在1945年底先后被捕的,早已被羁押在巢鸭监狱。但是其中有四个人情况并不是那样。他们是:重光葵、梅津美治郎、板垣征四郎、木村兵太郎。

重光葵和梅津美治郎是日本的投降代表。1945年9月2日盟国代表在东京湾密苏里号军舰上举行受降仪式的时候,他们二人分别代表日本天皇、日本政府和日本大本营在日本投降书上签了字。因此,盟军总部对他们多少有些“好感”,或者至少认为对他们应该有点“照顾”。所以,在四次逮捕令中,他们始终没有被列名为逮捕的对象。但是以其地位之高和罪恶之大,他们不但有资格被列为“甲级战犯”,而且应该列名为首批受审的主要战犯。事实上,检察处在决定首批受审人选的时候已经这样做了,他们是正式列名在起诉书里被控的两个人。然而对他们的逮捕却与向法庭提出起诉书同时。因此,他们入狱的时间便算是在正式起诉之后。正如我们在前面所指出的,在起诉书正式提出之后,检察官和被告便处于对立地位,彼此是不能有所往来或接触的。由于这个原因,检察处对他们二人便没有时间进行任何侦讯和录取口供的工作。在检察处对重光和梅津的控诉材料中,侦讯报告或本人口供是不存在的。

责任编辑:张海潮
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