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历史上真实的杨家将:杨宗保不存在 杨业绝食而死

2016-04-28 15:27:02   中国新闻网

京剧《杨门女将》宏大的出征场面。

的灰的Q版《杨门女将·穆桂英》

杨延昭绣像。

连环画《杨家将杨七郎打擂》封面

艺术来源于生活,但要高于生活。不夸张,不典型化,不脸谱化,不杂取种种人合成一个,艺术的魅力便要打些折扣。千百年来,杨家将的故事就在这种艺术化过程中逐渐丰满、丰富了,满足了人们对忠烈的感佩,对奸臣的鞭挞,对昏君的痛恨。这也是千百年来中国人面对外族侵扰和西方列强欺凌,反抗侵略、保家卫国、追求和平美好希望的一种寄托。为了追求这种希望,杨老令公战死了,杨六郎、杨宗保、杨文广继承遗志继续战斗;男人牺牲了,佘太君、穆桂英等女人继承遗志继续征战沙场;主人战死了,杨排风等家丁、丫环也要继承遗志继续战斗。所以我们今天所知、所见的杨家将的故事,决非历史原型,是经过了历朝历代的艺术家和民间传说美化的。

历史上真实的杨家将

没有杨宗保 更无穆桂英

杨家将第一代 杨业

被擒不屈 绝食而死

杨家将最早的统帅是杨业,又名继业,原是北汉的大将,北汉被宋朝平定以后,他就做了北宋的将军。因为他能征惯战,骁勇无比,所以人们称他“杨无敌”。杨业在宋太宗收复燕云十六州的战争中,于986年壮烈殉国。

杨业本名叫杨崇贵,其父杨信是麟州的土豪,趁五代混乱的时候,占据麟州,自称刺史,由于时局的动荡,先后归附过后汉、后周。年少英武的杨崇贵很受刘崇的看重,他以杨崇贵为养孙,改名为刘继业。刘继业先担任保卫指挥使,以骁勇著称,以功升迁到建雄军节度使。

由于刘继业战功卓著,所向无敌,国人号称无敌。北汉灭亡以后,刘继业归降北宋,宋太宗素知刘继业威名,授予他左领军大将军,郑州防御使。刘继业归宋以后,复本姓杨,单名业。宋太宗以杨业对防御辽国有丰富经验,派他到代州为三交驻泊兵马部署,为潘美节制。辽国大军从雁门关大举进攻,杨业从小路率领数百骑兵绕到辽军背后,与潘美的部队前后夹击辽军,杀死辽国节度使驸马侍中萧咄李,生擒马步军都指挥使李重诲,缴获很多兵甲战马。

杨业因功升云州观察使。986年,在燕云十六州的战争中,由于主将潘美、护军王冼的错误指挥和掣肘,杨业战败,被辽军生擒。杨业之子杨延玉以及部将王贵、贺怀浦全都力战而死。杨业被擒不屈,绝食三日而死。

杨家将第二代 杨延昭

作战勇猛 屡建奇功

杨业是杨家将的第一代,功名最盛,牺牲最壮烈。杨家将第二代的代表人物是杨业的儿子杨延昭。杨延昭本名杨延郎,为了避讳,而改名杨延昭。杨延昭在父亲的熏陶下,成为一个职业军人。雍熙三年北伐,杨延昭与父兄一起出征,攻击朔州的时候,杨延昭作为前锋进攻,被流矢射穿了手臂,他却更为勇猛的作战。杨业阵亡以后,杨延昭由供奉官升迁为崇仪副使。后来又担任保州缘边都巡检使,在河北的边防前线任职。

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