军事 > 军事历史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China

八年抗战胜利后的疯狂:国民党因腐败丢掉民心

2016-04-27 15:01:52   人民网

权力没有约束,贪污腐败成风

经历了后方八年艰苦生活的国民党各级官僚,骤一到达收复区,犹如狮子大张口,在没有约束的情况下,各谋私利,滥用权力,给收复区人民留下极坏的印象,当时称之为“五子登科”,即房子、条子(指金条)、票子、车子、婊子,由于这种事情很难有完整的档案记载,确切的贪污数字仍有待研究。据当时参加湘鄂赣区接收清查团的监察委员何文总结,接收中的贪赃枉法可分四种情况。其一是抢,即接收之初公开抢占敌伪房产和金银珠宝等财产,仅上海一地的8500多幢敌伪房产中,被占抢占了5000多幢;其二是占,即以单位名义占有,再化公为私(如南京2000多幢敌伪房屋,几乎全由各单位以各种名义占据),其后发展为只要是敌伪财产,贴上封条就可据为已有;其三是偷,或是监守自盗(如汉口宝安大楼原存有价值不菲的贵重物品,最后查封时已所余无几),或是援引外人直接盗窃,不仅窃走了物资,还对财产本身造成了极大破坏(如上海流氓李兴等盗窃团伙);其四是漏,即日本人为了讨接收人员欢心,故意在移交清册中漏列若干财产,使之不经任何手续即落入接收人员私囊(如武汉日本第六方面军在移交时留下了百亿元地无清册物资),而移交物资经层层转手,加造清册,又有不少被截留。在这个过程中,接收官员以敌产名义强占民产,或在收受贿赂之后,将敌主发还者,均所在多有。伪政权官员的私产,由于贿赂或强占的原因,很大一部分也落到了接收者手中,其数额颇为可观。据称,周佛海有房屋16所,瓦房100间,黄金95条,法币现款6535万元,家具850件,古玩、名画价值法币1224万元,大多数落入了接收官员的私囊。

除了上述这些虽然规模很大,但至少名义上还是非法的贪污外,还有一类通过标卖方式进行的“合法贪污”。接收产业经层层截留,最终移交给敌伪产业处理局的仍有相当大的数量。对这些产业,当局以平卖、委托代售、标卖,拍卖、价让等方式出售以回笼货币,平抑物价。虽然有规定“变卖接收后之敌伪产业(包括逆产)所得价款应悉数解缴国库不得移作别用”,但由于标售和处理物资可以低于市价的价格并指定商家进行,就又给了接收官员以合法的机会,从中上下其手,收受贿赂,贪污实物。如上海标售日人房屋2000多幢,基本上由接收时的占用者获得,所付只有标价的一半。有人估计全国标售敌伪物资总价在5万亿元左右,如以损失一半计算,即有2.5万亿元落入私人手中。

国民党接收过程中最为恶劣、最引起收复区百姓不满与反感的政策,是法币与伪币兑换率的规定。根据9月27日其财政部公布的法币与汪伪中储券的兑换办法,两者比例为1比200,这对收复区人民无异一场灾难,引起民众的普遍不满。因为以当时的物价指数计算,上海物价为重庆的约50倍,为整个法币使用区的约35倍,何况当时黑市法币与伪中储券的兑换价不过是1比80。“可怜收复区同胞,他们盼到天亮,望见了祖国的旌旗,他们喜极如狂,但睡了几夜觉之后,发觉了他们多已破家荡产,手上所仅有的财产筹码——伪币,差不多已分文不值。”即便是一些政府中的官员,也觉得这个兑换比例不合理。邵毓鳞曾当面对蒋介石说:“像这样下去,我们虽已收复了国土,但我们将丧失了民心。”然而当局私心自用,坚持这个兑换办法不变,使大批接收官员凭本已不值钱的法币在收复区大发横财。被当时人形象地描述为:“陪都来沪接收人员,均有腰缠十万贯,骑鹤上扬州之感”。如果说,官员腐败尚且是不合法的私人行为的话,法币兑换率的规定则几近于国家掠夺,是用公开合法的方式剥夺收复区的财富。一些国民党高级官员事后也不能不承认,这一政策使国民党失尽了民心。陈立夫认为,这个政策“弄得老百姓痛恨我们。”李宗仁认为,在“一纸命令之下,收复区许多人民顿成赤贫了,而携来大批法币的接收人员则立成暴富。政府在收复地区的失尽人心,莫此为甚。”

对于接收中的混乱不堪、贪赃枉法,当时舆论多有报道和批评。《时事新报》在社评中问道:“政府究竟替老百姓做了些什么?”中国民间舆论的喉舌《大公报》在短短半个月中两次发表社评:“收复失土不要失去人心》、《莫失尽人心》,痛斥当局“二十几天时间,几乎把京沪一带的人心丢光了。”

责任编辑:张海潮
上一页2/2下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/military/62/20160427/22533504_2.html
Server: cms-9-157
Date: 2026/02/27 12:45:56

Powered by China
China