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中苏关系破裂的关键:苏方扬言让毛泽东下台

2016-04-25 15:18:05   人民网

苏联党政高层也认为中苏关系的紧张与赫鲁晓夫的个人行事风格极有关系,许多人都认为,与中国关系恶化的根源在于赫鲁晓夫的鲁莽无礼。

勃列日涅夫认为,现在这是一个改善两党两国关系的时机,所以决定发出欢迎中国党政代表团来莫斯科的邀请,并同意中共的建议,请一些兄弟党国家一起来莫斯科,营造社会主义兄弟国家友谊的大氛围,勃列日涅夫指示苏共相关部门给予中共代表团足够隆重的礼遇。

11月6日,勃列日涅夫在周恩来出席的公开会议上发表了讲话,呼吁国际共产主义运动的团结。勃列日涅夫指出,苏联领导人认为,加强共产主义世界的团结是自己的责任,他还说,“迫切需要”召开一个由各国共产党参加的新的国际会议;他指出,任何一个共产党或政府都没有权力把自己的意志强加在其他党或国家身上;可能存在不同形式的社会主义社会,不同形式之间的选择可以由有关国家的政治条件和经济条件来决定。勃列日涅夫把苏联的外交政策说成是“始终一贯的,不可改变的”,提出把社会主义阵营的团结、支持民族解放运动、与不结盟国家合作、和平共处以及“拯救人类免于世界战争”作为苏联外交政策的主要特点。他提出警告反对“侵略势力”,并说,只要还没有达成裁军协议,苏联将把自己的防御力量保持在尽可能高的水平上。

中国党政代表团本是为求缓和两党两国关系热情而来,但一场意外的“祝酒事件”,使本来可以避免的摊牌不得不发生了。

那是11月7日晚,为庆祝十月革命47周年,克里姆林宫主人举行了酒宴。宴会设在克里姆林宫的一个大厅里,主席台的前面是一张大桌子,领导人都围着桌子站着谈着。另外一张桌子的旁边站着参会的苏联高级将领,周恩来看见后,就对贺龙说:你过去给他们敬敬酒。贺龙过去以后,和军人们谈得很高兴。这时,苏联国防部长马利诺夫斯基走过来,贺龙看见后,就说:来,来,干一杯,为我们的友谊干杯。马利诺夫斯基几杯伏特加下肚后,口无遮拦,他大声说道:“中苏关系所以不好是因为赫鲁晓夫和毛泽东关系不好,我们已经赶走了赫鲁晓夫,也该你们赶走毛泽东了,这样,我们的关系就没有障碍了,可以回到原来的轨道上来了。”贺龙闻听此言,大吃一惊,立即就跟他吵起来了。这时,马利诺夫斯基看到周恩来走了过来,就将此话对周恩来又说了一遍。周恩来听罢脸色大变,全身颤抖,他本能地环视四周,感觉全大厅的目光都在向他射来。他立即怒目而视,斥对方为胡说八道,是对中国共产党和中国人民的公然挑衅。

随后,周恩来走向勃列日涅夫和柯西金,提出严正抗议。勃列日涅夫闻之一怔,解释说,马利诺夫斯基是喝醉了,是酒后胡言。周恩来说,酒后吐真言嘛!他要求苏方正式道歉。苏共领导人没有立即回应,周恩来当机立断,率领代表团全体成员退出宴会厅表示抗议。

代表团回到中国驻苏使馆,就拍发电报,向毛泽东详细汇报了整个事件。

第二天,11月8日下午,勃列日涅夫和部长会议主席柯西金到中国代表团住所回拜周恩来时,周恩来质问他们,苏共中央欢迎我们来,是不是为了当众向我们挑衅,是不是期待着中国共产党也撤换毛泽东主席的领导?周恩来指出,西方国家的媒体11月8日从莫斯科发出消息说,苏共已和中共达成协议,要毛泽东下台,由周恩来当主席,难道这也是偶然的巧合吗?如果不是苏联领导人有这种思想,马利诺夫斯基敢这样胡说八道吗?周恩来说,我代表中共中央向苏共中央提出严正抗议。勃列日涅夫答复说,马利诺夫斯基是酒后胡言,不代表苏共中央,且已受到苏共中央的谴责。他们现在代表苏共中央正式向中方道歉。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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