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斯大林权力终结:逝世前就已失势 高层威胁兵变

2016-04-22 14:32:39   人民网

维诺格拉多夫等克里姆林宫医生没有悬念地入狱,但事情并未就此结束。医务人员和政治本不存在利益瓜葛,医生们就算将斯大林等政要设计害死,也得不到什么切实好处,斯大林推断这些医生不过是那些政治野心家的工具罢了,想到这里,斯大林准备顺“医生案件”这根藤,去摸政治野心家的真实身份。

不知道“医生案件”引发的波澜到底会牵扯进多少政治人物,已经失去斯大林信任的莫洛托夫和米高扬很可能被卷进来,而负责斯大林保健事务的贝利亚更容易惹人怀疑。但令这些人宽心的是,斯大林还没来得及对“医生事件”展开更深入的调查,就撒手人寰了。

那些熟知“医生案件”内幕的官员,马上为医生们平反,将事情的来龙去脉公之于众,将所有无辜受难的医生释放回家。

一些西方人士也开始关注起颇具戏剧性的“医生案件”,并愈发倾向将整个事件当作一出政治阴谋。有人认为,季玛舒克的来信只是政治阴谋的第一步,“医生案件”是贝利亚一手制造的,贝利亚希望将碍手碍脚的维诺格拉多夫医生除掉,让自己的人顶替该医生的位置。贝利亚对斯大林惟命是从的日子太长了,也许贝利亚害怕斯大林这个靠山不在后,自己的地位受到威胁,才想到先下手为强,挟斯大林以令克里姆林宫。

也有人怀疑是斯大林的另一红人赫鲁晓夫主导了“医生案件”,赫鲁晓夫可是从斯大林去世一事上获利最大的人,在斯大林过世后,他左手搞掉贝利亚,右手搞掉马林科夫,干净利落地成为克里姆林宫的新主人。持这种观点的人认为,既然贝利亚是斯大林保健事务的负责人,那么,若斯大林真的对“医生案件”展开调查,早晚会查到贝利亚头上。当斯大林权势正旺时,赫鲁晓夫和贝利亚、马林科夫是同一战壕的战友,共同抵制那些威胁这个小圈子利益的人物、团体;而当斯大林要交出权力时,赫鲁晓夫、贝利亚、马林科夫就成了竞争对手,他们都渴望坐上克里姆林宫的头把交椅。贝利亚比马林科夫厉害得多,是赫鲁晓夫最担心的人之一。

赫鲁晓夫自己在回忆起“医生案件”时,似乎并不愿意谈得很深入,只是说那些医生是斯大林怀疑心的牺牲品。

1956年6月30日,苏共中央出台了一份《克服个人迷信及其后果》的决议。苏共中央承认,在斯大林以及斯大林的小圈子权炽之时,中央内部确实存在一股抵御斯大林及其小圈子的力量,这股力量奉行列宁主义,不想成为斯大林专断独行的受害者。

也就是说,斯大林担心克里姆林宫之中存在反对自己的人,并不是凭空臆想。在斯大林生命的最后一段日子,这股奉行列宁主义的力量已经发展到可以在公开场合和斯大林分庭抗礼的程度了,这种抗争在“医生案件”中也有所体现。

1953年2月,斯大林在苏共中央的一次会议上,要求在3月中旬对“医生案件”进行审理,还颇为认真地将医生们的罪行一一发给大家。在关于“医生案件”的报告中,调查人员认为,美国的力量已经渗透进克里姆林宫的医疗机构,并在党中央一些关键部门设置了通讯点,还旧事重提,再次提醒大家注意“列宁格勒案件”,说库兹涅佐夫等人就是被这些渗透进克里姆林宫的西方力量争取走的。斯大林曾和英美领导人打过多次交道,对英美两国的一些间谍战做法非常清楚,他毫不怀疑这份报告的真实性。不管指使莉季亚·季玛舒克写告密信的人是谁,也不管制造“医生案件”的人是什么目的,斯大林都没有疑议地落入了圈套。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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