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四大家族内讧:蒋介石弃车保帅“轰走”孔祥熙

2016-04-21 13:39:04   人民网

孔祥熙(资料图)

本文摘自《官场钩沉》,陈兰荪,陈嘉祥著 ,重庆出版社出版

文史频道转载本文只以信息传播为目的,不代表认同其观点和立场。

孔祥熙字庸之,山西太谷人,出身地主家庭,祖辈在山西开过票号钱庄,到其父亲一辈已渐趋没落。孔祥熙就读教会学堂,参加基督教,以后到美国读书。长大成人看到清朝腐败落后,西方列强在中国横行无忌,激发了民族爱国心,要到西方学习,报效祖国。靠教会帮助在美国读书时,认识了孙中山,参加同盟会成为反清革命党人。他还结识了在美读书的宋蔼龄,时宋任孙中山英文秘书,两人相谈,不久,宋蔼龄与孔结婚。宋乃把其妹庆龄介绍给孙接替英文秘书职务,后宋庆龄成为孙夫人。孔祥熙也成为孙的革命帮手。

孙中山去世,1927年底蒋介石与宋美龄成婚。此时蒋掌握国民党中央政权。替蒋任财政部长的宋子文,在财政经费用于抗日还是用于围剿中国工农红军的问题上,与蒋介石发生矛盾,因而辞去财政部长之职。蒋介石遂把当时任实业部长的孔祥熙改任财政部长。

庸庸碌碌的孔庸之(孔祥熙字)一切听命于蒋,利用发公债,提高税率,发钞票,向国外贷款等手段为蒋介石筹反共经费,并因此而发展和巩固了孔的金融大权。抗战期间,孔在抗日大旗下大发国难财,使孔家变成了中国最有财富的大家族,宋蔼龄成为中国第一 “富婆”。

重庆有十多家日报、五六家晚报,除了孔家出钱办的《时事新报》外,无不抨击这位被称为“财神爷”的孔祥熙,对他家的丑闻是决不放过的。他们公开抨击,含沙射影,种种方式,种种笔调,对孔绝不留情。抗战期间不少漫画刊物以及多次巨型漫画展览,“孔财神”一家是最大的冷嘲热讽对象。其中最有代表性的要算高龙生、汪子美的《幻想曲》。报刊对孔的讥评促成了“耗子过街,人人喊打!”的局面。有些民营报纸老板对编辑部说: “除对老蒋一人外,其他的人不对就骂。”不骂蒋介石是为了保护自己。孔祥熙大家都在骂,大快人心。

知识界以马寅初为代表,在很多场合,公开揭露、抨击蒋介石的财政政策,矛头指向孔祥熙:“千百万将士牺牲流血,亿万人民颠沛流离”,“后方之达官贵人……趁火打劫,大发国难财”等等。在市中区黄家垭口中央实验剧场,马老发言慷慨激昂。他说:有人说蒋介石是“民族英雄”,那么就必须做到“大义灭亲”,立即杀掉孔祥熙。马老主张开“临时财产税”,征收豪门巨富的不义之财,充作抗日经费。他对恐吓者说:“所有指责,全系事实。”十天后又在重庆大学演讲,受到热烈欢迎。

孔祥熙十分恼怒,要求惩治马寅初,兼以马的演讲也刺痛了蒋介石,蒋遂下令逮捕马寅初。但马老的声望很高,使宪兵司令部很感为难。经反复商议后,于是以请马老去前线考察为名,将马老送到贵州息烽关押。据监狱主任周养浩说:“送马到息监,全监在押者十分激愤。”“在这种压力下,只有对马老在生活上多加照顾,如马老有冷浴的习惯,狱方极力配合。对马老在狱中发表什么言论,我也只有装着不知道。”以后辗转关押,不久还是释放。出狱后,马老对“四大家族”的揭发仍在继续。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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