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唤醒装聋作哑的斯大林:瓜分世界 你参加吗?

2016-04-19 14:19:00   人民网

对于战后世界格局的变化斯大林是否了然于胸,罗斯福心里没谱。在有限的几次交流中,斯大林总是巧妙地掩盖着自己的意图,他似乎只关心战争进程。他给罗斯福的印象是:先不忙设计和平,等结束战争再说。实际上罗斯福知道斯大林有一张自己的蓝图,但是他不肯与罗斯福分享自己的想法。在德黑兰会议上,罗斯福试图窥视斯大林的想法,但是斯大林装聋作哑地绕开话题。单从私人层面而言,罗斯福很想和斯大林直接交流,但是这不行。罗斯福对俄语一窍不通,而斯大林的英语也很糟糕。他只会那么几句:“那是你说的”、“那又怎么样?”以及“盥洗室在哪边”、“这儿搞的什么名堂?”

难以沟通也好,故意拒绝沟通也罢,反正随着胜利的临近,这种沟通是难以再回避了。否则斯大林真的继续装聋作哑,在取得胜利后把部队留在西欧,美英两国就不得不和苏联翻脸。早在北非登陆时,罗斯福就和丘吉尔合计好了,绝对不能让斯大林把势力范围扩大到西欧去。好在,经历过这样的一次全球混战,世界地图早已经变了模样,斯大林有很多可以选择的地方,更何况苏联本身就已经够大了,再拥有那么多地盘,在管理上也是个问题。罗斯福现在需要做的,就是要把装聋作哑的斯大林唤醒,然后悄悄对他说:瓜分世界,我们准备好了,你参加吗?

的确,无论两大阵营的头头们怎么包装自己的语言,当胜利来临时,他们的想法就是如何瓜分世界,从操作层面上说,就是如何实现势力范围的重新洗牌。他们将打乱地球上的国界,准备好吞并某些领土,就将来各自的势力范围讨价还价。对两大阵营而言,这就是一场赌博,他们的筹码是全世界每一个国家、每一个地区。在20世纪里,同等重要的日子为数不多。

与吵吵闹闹的德黑兰会议相比,雅尔塔商讨的事情更多,也更为具体,同时三方的利益冲突也更加难以掩饰。最终,这三位胜利者敲定了瓜分世界的三个主要方案。一是苏联、美国、英国和法国对战败后的德国实施分区占领;二是成立一个维护和平与安全的国际组织,这就是联合国安理会常任理事国。常任理事国有一票否决权;三是在欧洲战场的战事结束后,苏联要对日本作战。作为苏联参加对日作战的报偿,三巨头同意牺牲中国,一方面允许外蒙古今蒙古人民共和国。自治,另一方面则允许苏联租用中国的大连、旅顺港作为军用港口。

三巨头自作主张地承认蒙古独立时,并没有中国官方的代表在场,因此在中国的官方史料中,雅尔塔协定被称作亚洲版的绥靖。由于欧洲版的绥靖政策是在慕尼黑达成的,而雅尔塔协定涉及的是远东,所以又被称为“远东慕尼黑阴谋”。但是在日本投降后,当时的国民党政府代表中国与苏联签署了《中苏友好同盟条约》,接受了这个“阴谋”的内容,蒙古正式从中国分离出去了。而华盛顿也旋即在国务院成立了蒙古科,正式把蒙古作为一个独立的国家列入国务院的名录中。

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