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八路军用辣椒炮弹打碉堡:日军被熏得抱头鼠窜

2016-04-15 14:21:59   中国新闻网

冀中民兵打下日伪军盘踞的炮楼

八路军攻占河北任丘县城

抗战进入相持阶段后,日军加紧对中共敌后根据地展开所谓“治安战”。在平原地区,日军推行“囚笼政策”,大建据点、封锁沟、封锁墙等设施,分割、孤立乃至蚕食根据地。面对这种情况,中国军民群策群力,想出种种拔点妙招,八路军参谋长叶剑英曾总结出一系列经验,比如“常用袭扰、袭击、强攻以袭敌;钓鱼,即诱敌外出,以伏击之;狐狸咬鸡,即埋伏于据点附近,待敌出来时给以意外的突然袭击;利用坑道进行爆炸……”这些办法都收到立竿见影的效果。

出其不意 速战速决

依托便捷的公路网,日军能在平原地区实施快速机动,而围困根据地的据点虽然数量多,但基本是几十个人把守的小据点。例如,1939-1940年,日军在华北修建了2749个据点和碉楼,其中在冀中平原,平均长宽18.5千米的范围内就有一个据点,每个据点的日伪军约有60人。于是,针对这些据点的攻坚作战就成为平原抗日武装必须面对的课题,其作战要领是必须在援敌到达前拔除据点,出其不意、速战速决是成功的关键,正如毛泽东所指出的:“游击队的作战,要求集中可能多的兵力,采取秘密和神速的行动,出其不意地袭击敌人,很快地解决战斗。”

新四军发起的官陡门战斗就是经典的“平原速决战”。1939年1月18日,新四军第二支队第三团由支队副司令员粟裕率领,从江苏高淳与安徽当涂交界地区出发,长途奔袭安徽芜湖官陡门,目标是那里的伪军据点。20日傍晚,部队到达当涂亭头镇,随即派出小分队封锁南北通路,监视黄池镇、青山街的日军,而突击部队以木船渡过青山河,然后跑步奔袭,于21日凌晨1时抵近官陡门,冲进伪军据点。此次战斗,从开始攻击到解决战斗只用了8分钟,全歼守敌300余人,缴获机枪4挺、长短枪70余支。

1944年八路军收复清丰县城的战斗则更为典型。1944年5月上旬,日伪军一度放弃清丰县城,后因此地位置重要,日伪军遂重新侵占该县,并加修城墙工事。清丰县大队火速将敌情上报,八路军冀鲁豫军区立即抽调主力第7团急行军百余里,在周边县大队配合下,乘敌立足未稳,奔袭清丰县城。5月29日夜,部队包围县城,22时战斗准时打响,八路军发挥夜战、近战、巷战的特长,从城墙突进,继而冲破二道围寨,打开炮楼。经过一夜激战,八路军毙俘日伪军1700余人,活捉在清丰开会的大批日伪官员,日军后来哀叹:“从此局势不可收拾……”

调虎离山 趁虚而入

虽然日伪军在单个据点的兵力不多,但由于其能在短时间内机动增援,因此我军必须在短时间内结束战斗,而在总攻前尽可能削弱敌守备力量是必不可少的。为此,中国军民采取了诸多调动敌人的战术,使其难以摸清我军进攻的重点,正如《三十六计》中所说的:“待天以困之,用人以诱之。”

灯明寺是津浦路上沧州以南、东光城以东的日军据点,它像一颗钉子楔在我冀东根据地的边缘。1939年除夕,八路军发动数千民兵和群众,将东光城南露口一带的津浦路铁轨卸掉搬走,导致日军南北运输的“大动脉”瘫痪。为了尽快恢复铁路交通,日军从各地抽调人马抢通,而灯明寺据点只留下一个小队的日军把守,八路军抓住战机夜袭灯明寺。当晚,八路军以急行军进抵灯明寺,据点内的日军已经睡觉,外面只有一个日本兵放哨。我军从战斗打响到打扫战场,前后仅花了十来分钟,日军小队全部报销。

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