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清朝收复南海诸岛记:驱逐日本人 不慎触暗礁

2016-04-15 14:09:54   中国军网

有美国学者撰文称,越南正厉兵秣马,剑指由台湾守卫的太平岛。美国政府也高频率地公开介入南海问题,南海风云骤起。

实际上,我国人民是南海诸岛的最早发现者和开拓者。早在东汉,中国人就发现了西沙和南沙群岛。

在宋代绘制的海图中,称西沙南沙群岛为“千里长沙,万里石塘”;而清朝乾隆和嘉庆年间刊印的地图都绘有南海诸岛。它们自古就属于中国政府管辖。

在清末和民国年间,南海诸岛曾先后被英、法、日侵占。当时,大清帝国和民国政府虽饱受内忧外患的困扰,却能不顾自身羸弱,多次亮剑南海,维护国家主权……

1、驱逐东沙岛上的日本人

1909年5月的一天,三艘大清军舰从海南岛榆林港缓缓开出,朝西南方向驶去,舰上,大清龙旗迎风飘扬。

这是一支受两广总督张人骏派遣,前往南海诸岛作巡视的舰队。率领舰队的是广东水师提督李准。

李准是四川邻水人,1902年任广东巡防营统领,兼巡各江水师。1905年,任广东水师提督。上任后,他积极整顿水师,加强训练,购进国外先进军舰,并装备洋枪,广东水师战斗力有显著提高。

此时的李准,腰挎宝剑,正在旗舰伏波号的管带室里,不时以长筒望远镜向前方瞭望。

这三艘军舰分别是伏波号、琛航号、振威号,均由蒸汽动力驱动,福建船政局建造。

伏波号是木壳炮舰,舰长66.5米,宽10.7米,吃水4米,排水量1258吨,航速10节,有7门炮。

琛航号是木质的武装运兵船,有6门炮;振威号是木壳运输舰,有8门炮,它们的吨位和伏波号相当。

随舰队出征的官兵共有170多人,其中还有化验师、工程师、测绘员、医生、工人等。为了这次巡视,军舰上储存了数百担大米以及充足的淡水,还准备了种羊、种猪和种鸡,以及各色稻粱麦豆种子,以备在西沙各岛上放养种植。

出发前,李准与舰艇的管带,亲自对军舰进行了严格检查和修理,甚至将每一节锚链都仔细敲打,如不够结实立即加固。

为何要作这次海巡呢?当时,南中国海上列强环伺,法国、英国、日本等国虎视眈眈,想侵夺我国南海诸岛。

早在1883年,德国人就曾到西沙、南沙群岛进行调查测量,在中国政府抗议下,不得不停止。

1907年,李准在巡视东沙群岛时,发现日本人侵入东沙岛。原来,一批日本人看到清朝政局动荡,内忧外患,便偷偷登陆东沙岛,开发鸟粪(远年鸟粪堆积成岩可作肥料),捕捞海产,并在岛上设立电台,建轻便铁路、仓库、宿舍。

巡视回来,李准将日本人入侵的情况上报两广总督张人骏。

经清政府与日本驻京公使交涉,日方愿放弃在该岛的开发权利,但要求清政府补偿建设费二十万两白银。经过交涉,双方签约,明确东沙群岛为中国固有领土,由清政府出资收购岛上已建设施,日本人离岛。

1909年初,法国驻安南总督茹尔内突然向清政府发出照会,称南沙、西沙是安南的领土,清政府据理驳斥了茹尔内的所谓“照会”。

“广乙”号鱼雷巡洋舰

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