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八路军突围战连破日军三道封锁 德记者赞神奇

2016-04-13 09:10:02   综合

八路军警戒哨严密监视敌人动向。

随着中共领导的敌后武装逐渐壮大,日本侵略者感到芒刺在背,急欲除之而后快。1938年10月,日军占领武汉,随即改变战略,对正面的国民党军 采取政治诱降为主、军事进攻为辅的“制压作战”,集中主要兵力对八路军等敌后武装力量实施“治安作战”。为了消灭抗日根据地,日军加大“扫荡”力度,使用 兵力超过50万,进攻手段经常翻新。

在这种情况下,敌后武装难免遭遇有些部队被敌人包围的情况。在抗战正面战场上,国民党军被日军包围后旋即崩溃的例子比比皆是,但始终与优势日军作战的人民军队,却在突围作战方面颇有心得,加之长期残酷的斗争现实,更使敌后武装磨练出一套突出重围的看家本领,屡屡创下成功脱险的精彩之作。

沉着冷静 有备无患

抗战期间,敌后武装一直保持着高度警惕性,八路军第129师师长刘伯承明确要求:“(各级指挥部)应经常进行备战的组织工作,……平时即假想各 种敌情,看好各方地形,预定使用游击队、民兵、自卫队的战法,并进行演习。”对于部队宿营地的选择和警备,新四军名将粟裕在《游击战术讲授提纲》中专门提 到:“进入营舍前,应首先断绝营区四周的交通,封锁消息,选择营舍,以便于应战、便于出入的独立砖瓦房为宜。……在敌情紧张时,应特别加强警戒,派遣化装 侦察,设置潜伏哨。”他还指出:“游击队处在敌人后方,随时有被敌人袭击的可能,应随时作好战斗准备。”

1942年5月,日军在华北发起残酷的“五一大扫荡”,八路军冀中军区第22团分散行动,其中团部带着两个连转移到群众基础好、有地道作为依托 的宋庄。6月8日夜,八路军一到宋庄,就着手修筑工事,不仅把路口堵死,把每个院落打通,还迅速从村里到村外筑起三道工事,把这里变成处处相连、火力交叉 的防御堡垒,第22团首长还提出“多挖一锄头,少挨一块炸弹皮”的口号。9日晨,工事修筑完毕,八路军干部实地勘察,布置应急的战斗方案,以防日军突袭。 没想到布置刚一完毕,警戒哨就传来消息:“村东北发现日军骑兵。” 此时是6月9日晨7时30分。战后了解,该部日军是由第26师团参谋军官组成的“战地参观团”以及护卫步骑兵,人数有300多人。双方交火后,八路军依托 既有工事,予敌重大杀伤,此后周围的日伪军大量增援,攻打宋庄的兵力增至2500余人。八路军与敌逐屋争夺,激战16小时,终于拖到晚上日军停止进攻。午 夜时分,八路军分路突围而去。此战歼敌400余人,八路军仅伤亡70余人,这正是战备意识强带来的好处。

1943年10月19日清晨,八路军太岳军区第2军分区第20团和第772团一部在反“扫荡”转移途中经过团城村,由于部队太过疲劳,指挥员周 希汉决定就地宿营两小时,但要求“战士不能解背包,还要放好哨,东南两个山头要放小哨”。周希汉特别要求,在村东和村南三华里处各设一个紧急集合点,一旦 有事,部队先到村东第一个集合点集合。随后,周希汉命令第772团第2连连长陈家贵在村西山头制高点布置一个排,并要求该连不能休息,作为机动部队。这些 布置果然收到效果,团城村附近据点的日军寻迹包抄上来,没想到被八路军哨兵发现,不得不提早转入强攻,迅速进入战斗状态的八路军抢占制高点,遏制住日军攻 势,坚持到夜间成功突围离去。一般情况下,突围部队在兵力、火力甚至天候、地形等作战要素上都处于弱势,仅靠官兵自发的求生本能是远远不够的。《孙子兵 法》强调“围地则谋,死地则战”,意思是突围不仅需要“战”的勇气,还需要“谋”的水平,二者缺一不可。我敌后武装在突围时的谋略往往极为精妙,达到孙子 所说的“故善动敌者,形之,敌必从之;予之,敌必取之”的程度,日军包围部队往往在我军声东击西、调虎离山等诸多计策中疲于奔命,最后露出破绽。

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