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是谁把杨家将最终逼入绝境?

2016-04-12 16:14:39   时拾史事

  一部杨家将,写尽了以杨业为首的杨家父子忠心为国、智勇双全、胆略过人的光辉一生。战场上伟大的将军,总是需要势均力敌的对手,在相互碰撞的火花中,迸发出双方的武艺胆识。无论是在正史还是在小说演义中,把杨家将最终逼入绝境的,都是辽朝名将耶律斜轸

  耶律是契丹的国姓,耶律斜轸的祖父耶律曷鲁是契丹的建立者、辽太祖耶律阿保机的同族兄弟,耶律斜轸可谓是标准的根正苗红。辽朝在继承某些汉族王朝体制的基础上,也结合契丹民族的文化,保留了大量本族固有的事物与活动。一些官位不高或是没有官位的契丹人,仍需要“自己动手,丰衣足食”,单靠国家的社会保障还难以过日子。或是由于恃才傲物,觉得如此小事不值得亲自动手;或是出身贵族,身上还带有一些娇骄之气;或是少不经事,心浮气躁,耶律斜轸对待劳动生产十分懈怠。久而久之,不老实本分、不安分守己、不勤于劳动这样的帽子就戴到了耶律斜轸的头上。

  因此,当契丹重臣萧思温在辽景宗面前举荐耶律斜轸时,辽景宗脱口而出:“耶律斜轸?我听说他举止轻浮,恐怕难堪大用吧?”萧思温连忙解释道:“别看他表面上放放荡荡,腹中的才华,可是不可估量的呢!”辽景宗既不想误用一个庸才,更不想错过一个人才,便拿起了调查研究这个武器。辽景宗召见耶律斜轸,询问他对于一些时政问题的看法与建议,耶律斜轸对答如流,所提的条陈皆言之有物、切中时弊。辽景宗大喜,从此开始重用耶律斜轸。不久之后,辽景宗将萧皇后的侄女嫁给耶律斜轸,又让他节制西南面的各路军队,封他为南院大王。萧皇后小名萧燕燕,本名萧绰,便是日后临朝听政的那位鼎鼎大名的萧太后。

  在与契丹国境接壤的河东地区,有一个叫作北汉的政权。五代时期,后汉的第二个皇帝后汉隐帝刘承佑与大将郭威产生矛盾,杀了郭威的家人,郭威起兵造反,最后夺得皇位,建立后周。后汉开国皇帝刘知远的兄弟、后汉隐帝刘承佑的叔叔刘崇哪里肯罢休,便也在太原称帝,这就是北汉。北汉疆域狭小,国力衰弱,连给宰相、节度使发的工资都低于平均水平。但北汉称契丹为“叔皇帝”,依仗辽朝的势力,苟延残喘,困守一方。每当其它政权兵临太原城下、北汉出现危险时,辽朝总是派兵解围。

  到了宋朝建立后,北汉仰仗辽朝的威势,继续盘踞在山西地区,成为宋朝统一天下的一大障碍。等到宋朝平定江南、西南地区后,宋太宗赵光义下定决心,发起对北汉的最后一战,遂大举发兵,直取太原,将太原四面包围。北汉使者哭哭啼啼地请求契丹赶快发兵援救。在宋太祖赵匡胤当政的时候,宋辽两家的关系趋于缓和。此次宋太宗攻打北汉,辽朝方面看出北汉在劫难逃,但又碍于多年的情面,不忍见死不救。专门负责与北汉进行军事联系的耶律斜轸派兵南下增援。耶律斜轸对带兵的将领反复强调:这次出兵,以虚张声势为主,尽量不要与宋军发生正面冲突。能把宋军吓跑最好,不行的话就把部队带回来。

  不料,带兵将领的求战欲望很高,注重从实战出发,想学当年契丹的辽太宗耶律德光援救石敬瑭的旧事,也想来个千里奔袭,出奇制胜。结果,宋辽双方在石岭关天险展开对战,宋军早有准备,占据了有利地形,辽军败退。耶律斜轸亲自率军在山口接应,万箭齐发,宋军撤退。

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