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为什么说魏无忌窃符救赵是上当中计?

2016-04-12 16:04:54   程步

  叫魏无忌这一闹腾,魏国多少无辜惨死。

  将军晋鄙平白无故死了不算,王妃如姬定也是活不成了。偷兵符那还不是死罪?何况如姬还是帮一个男人偷兵符,风流倜傥的魏公子。你说你如姬跟魏无忌没有奸情,仅仅是为了报恩,谁信?他帮你报了杀父之仇,你连杀头的事情都肯为他干,脱衣服以身相许有什么不能?在大梁魏无忌的门客八成也都活不成了,门监侯嬴死了是肯定的。虽然司马迁说他是自杀,不早不晚,恰在魏无忌到达邺城事情败露后自杀,谁说得清。魏无忌自己留在大梁的亲人家臣,多半也都被魏安釐王一怒灭门了。魏无忌到死没有子嗣亲人,而且救赵之后躲在邯郸十年不敢回大梁,也许就是一个旁证。

  魏无忌为什么会如此不顾一切,不惜牺牲亲人、他人的性命,一定要救赵呢?或者说,魏无忌为什么那么容易就上了姐夫的当,中了赵胜的苦肉计呢?当今有很多金融骗子用高收益骗钱,都屡屡得手。很多高知、高官、高收益企业主上当受骗后,都说因为轻信而上当,却不知是因为贪婪而轻信。不是骗子骗术高明天衣无缝,而是人心中某种欲望太强烈,一变而成贪婪。贪婪泯灭了智慧,蒙蔽了双眼。

  魏无忌食客三千。食客多少跟“智慧”、“高义”没有任何关系。只要你有足够的钱,又不太吝啬,想来白吃白喝的人有的是,想要傍依豪门长脸往百姓作威作福的人也有的是。门客多只显示你财大气粗,往好了说也就是仗义疏财。嫪毐的门客比魏无忌多了去了。嫪毐叛乱失败,被秦始皇仁慈不杀而迁往蜀地的就有四千多人。

  可是食客多却会带来一个显而易见的坏处。整日被三千门客逢迎吹捧,谁都免不了要膨胀。魏无忌可能真的认为自己足智多谋,文武双全,英雄无用武之地。在魏国被兄长魏安釐王压着永无出头之日。可气的是,列国也没人邀请他去为将为相,秦围邯郸,机会降临。赵国危在旦夕,急需大才救危存亡。有姐夫赵胜在赵国一言九鼎,又反复下书,泣泪相求。自己大将出马,拼死一搏,建功于赵国,扬名于诸侯。叫魏王和天下人都看看,魏无忌不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。有这等功勋于赵,有这番惊天动地业绩在世,赵王感恩,姐夫盛邀,改换门庭在赵国显贵。姐夫为赵相,小舅子为赵将,一段佳话,青史留名。

  然而可惜,魏无忌不顾一切却只是一厢情愿,一切好梦无一不落花流水。

  赵胜本来就是苦肉计,看着邺城的魏国十万大军原本是索命的厉鬼,现在却一变如鹰犬供其驱遣,又有楚魏救赵的声势在,料燕齐不会轻举妄动。于是赵国突然大举反击,果然秦军大溃。秦军攻邯郸主将王龁落荒而逃(赵将乐乘、庆舍攻秦信梁军,破之),副将郑安平被包围,率领两万秦军投降(郑安平为赵所围急,以兵二万人降赵)。赵军一举解邯郸之围,并顺势夺回了武安。跟着赵军趁胜追击,不仅夺取了韩国的上党,收复了自家的太原,还占领了秦国的河东郡,将秦军彻底赶出河内,大获全胜。

  回头再看魏无忌,战场上击败秦军主将副将的是赵军,魏无忌不见杀敌俘将,也没见攻城略地。魏国花钱出力死人却一无所获。再看赵国论功行赏,虽然赵王磨叽再三,还是把一个小城邑送给魏无忌做食邑(赵王以鄗为公子汤沐邑),却没有给他任何名号,更没有邀请他为将为相。对比楚国的黄歇,不费吹灰之力就得到一座城池。更气人的是秦国的降将郑安平,败军之将,乞降偷生,赵国却出手大方,张嘴就封郑安平武阳侯,还把曾经的燕下都武阳城封给郑安平为封邑(武阳君郑安平死,收其地)。赵国如此厚此薄彼,不能说完全没有道理。你不能一句话说赵王、赵胜吝啬。赵王、赵胜对黄歇、郑安平怎么不吝啬?

  可怜的魏无忌家破人亡,客居赵国无所事事,不得不混迹于市井酒肆,借酒消愁,无奈度日(公子闻赵有处士毛公藏於博徒,薛公藏於卖浆家,公子欲见两人,两人自匿不肯见公子。公子闻所在,乃间步往从此两人游,甚欢)。

  十年后秦军攻赵,魏无忌被人蛊惑,又再次合纵击秦,结果不幸又被赵国当枪使。时间地点人物事件证据确凿。此是后话,容后再叙。

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