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徐向前运动歼敌:六万解放军歼灭阎锡山十万兵

2016-04-08 11:19:03   人民网

因此,我军在临汾战役之后,能否迅速北上晋中,歼敌保粮,彻底粉碎敌人的抢粮守城计划,就成了关系全山西解放进程的一着要棋。当时,我解放区各战略区刚刚转入反攻,华北方面要求我们协助打傅作义,西北方面要求我们协助打胡宗南,党中央和毛主席均未批准。明确指示我兵团的任务是:固定在晋中打阎,直至攻克太原为止。这一决定,既着眼于全局的战略需要,又符合山西战场的实际,是完全正确的。

北上晋中作战,我们面临三个困难。第一,敌人兵力多,装备好,工事坚固,机动力强,占优势地位。第二,我军经过两个多月临汾攻坚战的消耗,相当疲劳。同时,部队新,干部缺额大,缺乏大兵团野战经验,也是明显的弱点。第三,平原地区,烧柴极缺。我们初步计算了一下,北上晋中作战,如出动部队、民工十万人,每日做饭烧水,至少需耗柴三十万斤。平原不同于山地,老百姓烧柴困难得很,哪来如此多的柴禾供应我们!

党中央和华北局考虑到我们的实际困难,只要求我兵团首先歼敌一至两个师。我考虑再三,提出超额两三倍的歼敌计划,提交兵团作战会议讨论。这是因为:第一,晋中战役的目的,是为解放太原创造条件。应尽可能利用野战的机会,诱敌决战,消灭敌之有生力量。歼敌愈多,解放太原便愈加顺利。第二,敌人以五分之四的兵力分散在晋中平原抢粮运粮,正给我们可乘之隙。我以六万之师北上,运动作战,分两次吃掉敌人四至六个师,完全有可能。部队虽缺乏大兵团作战经验,但士气旺,能吃苦,听指挥,守纪律。关键在于计划周密,指挥得当。第三,山区群众经过土改,支前积极性甚高。地方党组织一、二十万民工支前,运送粮食、弹药、烧柴,问题不大。晋中群众对阎军恨之入骨,亦容易发动起来,保卫麦收,配合我军作战。我说:我们打野战,好比吃肉;攻城,好比啃骨头。现在敌人为了抢粮,四面出动,肥肉送上门来,我们不妨狠咬几口,吃他几个师,免得将来费时费力去攻坚城池,啃硬骨头。这笔帐要算一算,有便宜就得赚哪。当然,那时部队没有打过大规模的运动战,又确实疲劳,有的同志顾虑吃不掉敌人反被敌人吃掉,力主打敌一至两个师,也不奇怪。战前有争议,是好事而不是坏事,可以帮助指挥员更缜密地去分析判断情况,权衡利弊,定下决心。大家讨论来讨论去,未能取得一致认识。我说:战机紧迫,就按歼敌四至六个师的目标,进行战役部署,错了由我负责。

我军的战役部署是:第一步,以分进合围态势,北上晋中,割裂阎军防御体系,斩断交通,分割包围其要点,肃清外围,清剿地方杂匪,确保晋中麦收。第二步,相机攻取某些要点,诱敌主力与我决战,在野战中求得灭敌主力一部,以达削弱阎军实力,缩小敌占区,为攻取太原创造有利条件的目的。整个战役的重心,要求放在消灭敌人有生力量上,力争给敌以致命性的打击。各部队据此深入动员,积极进行思想上、战术上、物质上的准备。烧柴问题,由地方党动员和组织太行、太岳、吕梁山区的群众,筹集运输,以保证作战部队的需要。

六月九日,兵团发布了晋中战役的命令:

以晋绥二、六分区部队归彭绍辉、罗贵波指挥,本月十三日进至太原以北,切断忻县至太原间铁路,并向太原逼近,保卫忻县至太原铁路两侧地段之麦收;

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