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徐向前运动歼敌:六万解放军歼灭阎锡山十万兵

2016-04-08 11:19:03   人民网

决战前夜

一九四八年六月,解放战争进入第三个年头。蒋介石的五大战略集团,被我人民解放军分割在华北、中原、华东、西北、东北战场上,打得焦头烂额。等待他们的,是彻底覆灭的命运。

晋冀鲁豫部队攻克临汾,杀出了威风,山西境内的敌人,处境愈加不妙。我下一步的作战目标,是北上晋中,野战歼敌,为攻克太原铺平道路。

毛泽东、朱德、刘少奇、周恩来及中央领导机关,抵河北平山县西柏坡。中央决定,由刘少奇兼任华北局第一书记,薄一波为第二书记兼华北军区政治委员,聂荣臻为第三书记兼军区司令员,徐向前、滕代远、肖克为副司令员。辖晋察冀和晋冀鲁豫部队组成的华北野战军第一、二、三兵团。原晋冀鲁豫军区撤销,我部组成第一兵团。司令员兼政治委员徐向前,副司令员兼副政治委员周士第,参谋长陈漫远,政治部主任胡耀邦(陈、胡系一九四八年八月到职)。不久,又成立太原军区,由罗贵波任司令员兼政治委员。

我们指挥的兵力,包括八纵、十三纵、太岳部队及晋绥军区、北岳军区所属部队,共四十六个团,六万余人。

第八纵队:司令员兼政治委员王新亭,参谋长张祖谅。辖二十二旅(旅长胡正平),二十三旅(旅长黄定基,政治委员肖新春),二十四旅(旅长邓仕俊,政治委员王观潮),共九个团。

第十三纵队:政治委员徐子荣,副司令员鲁瑞林,参谋长白天,政治部主任郭林祥。辖三十七旅(旅长王诚汉,政治委员张春森),三十八旅(旅长安中原,政治委员杨绍曾),三十九旅(旅长钟发生),共九个团。

太岳部队(后改编为十五纵):司令员刘忠,政治委员袁子钦,副司令员方升普,参谋长熊奎,政治部主任高德西。辖四十三旅(旅长刘聚奎,后为林彬,政治委员梁文英),四十四旅(旅长涂则生,政治委员李培信,后为牛明智),四十五旅(旅长蒲大义,政治委员车敏樵),共九个团。

晋绥军区:十七个团。

北岳军区:六个团。

军区直属炮兵一旅:两个团。

阎锡山的兵力,除大同驻守一个师外,尚有三个集团军(五个军十四个师)、三个总队、二十二个保安团、二十一个警备大队,共十三万之众,盘踞省府太原及晋中平川地区。敌人处于我解放区的四面包围中,形同孤岛,战略上居劣势地位,已是显而易见的事实。但另一方面,阎军兵力比我军多一倍以上,武器装备好,机动能力强,有现代化的城防工事作依托,在战役战斗中尚能形成优势于我的地位,也是事实。

这也就是说,敌我双方,各具相对的优劣条件,谁胜谁负的问题,还没有解决。不经过一场大规模的决战,不大量消灭阎锡山的有生力量,便无法形成我军的绝对优势地位,完成解放全山西的任务。

阎锡山要抵抗我军的战略反攻,保巢图存,首先得解决军粮问题。十三万军队,以每人每天平均斤半粮食计,每月即需耗粮五百八十五万斤。如果加上城市居民的口粮,那又何止千万斤、万万斤!如此庞大的粮食需求量,对阎锡山的战略防御计划来说,无异是最头疼的地方。

晋中平原,沃野千里,历来是山西的粮仓,阎军的供应基地。阎锡山深知,假如晋中一失,粮秣无继,十多万军队势必陷入不战自乱的窘境。时近麦熟季节,晋中平川麦浪滚滚,丰收在望。保粮、抢粮、屯粮,“保卫晋中”,便成为阎锡山实行战略防御的关键所在。敌以三十三军置于祁县、太谷地区,三十四军及四十师置于平遥、介休、灵石地区,四十三军及亲训师置于汾阳、孝义地区,六十一军置于文水地区;同时,组成“闪击兵团”,专门担任阻我北上、机动作战的任务,并配合各县保安团及警备大队,坚工固防,四出抓丁抢粮。一时之间,阎锡山投入晋中平原的兵力,即占其总兵力的五分之四。他还提出“一跑万有,一跑万胜”的口号,要用“运动战”来对付我军的运动战。这位“土皇帝”的如意算盘是:抢粮、屯粮于手,巩固晋中,死保太原,熬到第三次世界大战爆发,美军在中国登陆,便可趁机反攻,卷土重来,“以城复省,以省复国”,重温独霸山西的旧梦。

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