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拿破仑临终不忘广州人 曾经斥责侵略中国是最蠢的事

2016-04-06 16:17:23   赵立人

当时岛上的总督亚历山大·比特森,说及这些广东人“大部分受雇于农业,如将土地用栅围起来、平整土地、烧荒、赶车、种植、收获马铃薯以及其他工作,有些人已成为十分在行的庄稼汉。”“公司付给他们一天一先令,定量供给他们食物。以这种方式,他们可以服兵役,如拖炮车,运送弹药;简言之,对他们的雇用与印度炮兵的雇用相类似。”

    拿破仑到达岛上时,见到不少广州人在这里工作和生活,最多的时候达到646名,其中23人在囚禁拿破仑的房子里工作。在岛上,被要求不得保留中国姓名,而以编号相称,至今岛上还有这些广州人的后裔。2002年这个岛被发现500周年纪念的时候,当地一位华人后裔还出版了一本有关这方面的研究著作。

拿破仑当皇帝时,第一部《法汉词典》出版

而拿破仑在当皇帝的时候,大量阅读传教士的记载、使节的报告以及有关中国的游记等。在他的要求下,第一部《法汉词典》出版,还下令在法兰西公学院设立中国学科,这是中国学在西方历史上第一次进入大学科目。

1793年,英国派遣马戛尔尼使团访问中国,急欲打开中国的贸易门户,但遭到乾隆帝的拒绝。1816年2月8日,英国再次派阿美士德率使团来华,当阿美士德一行抵达天津口外,因为不愿对嘉庆帝行跪拜礼,声称“正副使臣身体欠佳”,拒不入宫,被中国政府赶出国门。回国途中经过圣赫勒拿岛,见到了拿破仑。

拿破仑对阿美士德不给中国皇帝下跪提出批评,说:“外交官拒绝叩头就是对皇帝不敬。马戛尔尼与阿美士德提出,中国国君答应如派使节去英国也要他叩头!中国人拒绝得对。一位中国的使节到伦敦,应该向国王施英国大臣或嘉德骑士勋章得主一样的礼。你们使节的要求完全是荒谬的。把使臣等同于他们君主的想法是完全错误的:由他们签署的协定如无派遣他们的当局批准就不算有效。任何君主从来也不会把使臣当作与他地位平等的人。被派到土耳其的勋爵在受苏丹召见时难道可以不穿要求的皮里长袍吗?……一切有理智的英国人应该把拒绝叩头看成是不可原谅的事。觐见中国皇帝却要遵行英国的习俗,这是没有道理的。”拿破仑嘲讽说:“如果英国的习俗不是吻国王的手,而是吻他的屁股,是否也要中国皇帝脱裤子呢?”

阿美士德认为只有通过战争来敲开中国的大门,拿破仑以轻蔑的口气评论说:“要同这个幅员广大、物产丰富的帝国作战是世上最大的蠢事。”“开始你们可能会成功,你们会夺取他们的船只,破坏他们的军事和商业设施,但你们也会让他们明白他们自己的力量。他们会思考;他们会建造船只,用火炮把自己装备起来。他们会把炮手从法国、美国甚至伦敦请来,建造一支舰队,把你们打败。”阿美士德反驳说:“中国在表面强大的背后是泥足巨人,很软弱。”拿破仑却认为,中国并不软弱,它只不过是一只睡眠中的狮子。“以今天看来,狮子睡着了连苍蝇都敢落到它的脸上叫几声……中国一旦被惊醒,世界会为之震动。”这句话迅速传遍了欧洲,又传遍了世界,产生了极强的轰动效应,一直到今天。

拿破仑临终叹气说:“我那些不幸的中国人啊!”

1935年9月27日,上海《字林西报》刊登了《拿破仑与中国人》一文,说到看守拿破仑的英国军官吕严士的信件中,提及广州工人在岛上为拿破仑干活的事实。1820年4月4日函云:“昨夜,有一段围墙倒了。全体仆人,马厩的工人,与中国人,自今晨六时起,都努力工作,而由拿破仑将军与白侯爵(CountBertrant)亲自监导之。”又一函云:“拿破仑将军昨日在屋内监工至下午二时,卒把围墙修好。那四个受雇于园内做工的中国人怨恨拿破仑将军,因为将军对在屋内做工的中国人———即修理倒墙者———各赐酒一瓶而不赐给园丁之故,是以他们悻悻然不肯服从将军命他们所做之事。将军大怒,即将他们逐去。”

在后一信之末,编者加以注脚云:“中国人要是有现钱给与,什么事都肯干。”拿破仑临死之前,在床上叹气说:“我那些不幸的中国人啊!不当忘记他们;给他们十余或廿余个金币,而且为我向他们诀别!”那尔士最后说,拿破仑花园中有一大帮中国工人替他做工。自拿破仑死后,1821年5月间办理结束事宜,10个广州人还欠下白侯爵之管事人800余元。

(来源:羊城晚报)

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