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日本特务秘密调查国民党高官财产:蒋介石居榜首

2016-03-31 14:57:28   人民网

上述18人的存款总额为法币56785万元(6918万美元),约相当于国内存款总额的9%,相当于政府预算收入的77%,相当于外汇储备的28%。用“富可敌国”形容恐不为过。这还仅仅是他们在上海外国银行的存款数,在其他城市和中国以外的外国银行和华资各银行中,他们有无存款?如果有,想来也不会是小数目。

第二,过去一般认为,在蒋介石、宋子文、孔祥熙、陈果夫陈立夫兄弟中,宋、孔有大量私人财产,而蒋与陈氏兄弟的私人财产则未必很多。但据该调查,不仅陈立夫有不少存款,蒋介石的存款数更是位居榜首。

蒋介石与宋美龄夫妇的存款总数为9733万元(1186万美元),约占当年国内存款总额的1.6%,政府预算收入的13%。外汇储备的4.7%,高居于上述国民党政府官员私人存款额之首。蒋、宋、孔、陈四家合计存款总数为23777万元(2896万美元),约占当年国内存款总额的3.9%,政府预算收入的32%,外汇储备的12%。他们不仅控制着国民党的军政大权,在财产上也不遑让人,“四大家族”之说,实非捕风捉影。

第三,按国民党政府官员的薪俸标准,他们显然不可能凭工资积聚如此巨额的财产。

根据1933年9月23日公布的《暂行文官官等官俸表》,特任官(部长及其以上官员)每月薪金为800银圆,当时的银圆与币制改革后的法币基本等值,因此,即便是存款最少的宋子良的存款数,也相当于一个特任级官员573年的薪金;更遑论他人。从1927年国民党上台至1939年不过短短12年时间,其高级官员居然能够有如此巨大数额的私人存款,只能是从非薪金收入渠道而来。一般情况下,这些渠道无非两条:合法与非法。

如果这些财产来源合法(如经营所得或继承祖产),外人无可置论。但即便如此,作为政府高级官员,在经营中有无特权,有无下级为了自身利益而刻意对上“报效”,仍是值得关注的问题。

何况,在当时民众普遍收入水准和生活水平都不高的情况下,政府官员如此“富裕”,无论如何不能说是十分正常的。如果这些财产来源非法,则必与贪污腐败相联系,更兼上行下效,贪污腐败之风在国民党内迅速蔓延,至抗战胜利后更一发而不可收。国民党统治之所以在短时间内由盛而衰,最终失败,于此调查或已可窥见其重要原因。

第四,从上述调查所列官员的存款数,可以推论国民党其他官员的存款亦不在少数。

1949年国民党在大陆失败后,不少高级官员流亡海外当寓公,在没有薪金收入来源的情况下,如何维持其生活,或从此调查可得知一二。

上述调查的可靠性或可待今后之继续研究,但它至少给了研究者们若干具体数据,可以多少建立一种参照,以使我们对国民党政府高级官员的私人财产问题不至于完全凭印象或感觉行事。随着民国史研究的日渐深入,这个问题或终可找到答案。如谚语所云:若要人不知,除非己莫为。历史的暗角终会揭开,历史之谜终会大白。

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