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日本特务秘密调查国民党高官财产:蒋介石居榜首

2016-03-31 14:57:28   人民网

本文摘自《那时的文化界》,陈明远著,山西人民出版社出版

国民党权贵巨额财产之谜

1949年以前,蒋介石、“四大家族”及国民党高级官僚掌握了中国主要经济命脉,他们集权、财于一身,究竟他们的财产是多少,许多研究民国史的学者都在这方面下了不少工夫。

关于国民党政府高级官员的私人财产情况,一向众说纷纭,论者多谓其有,而且估计其数量较为庞大,并已形成了凭借其资产控制中国经 济与政治的官僚资产阶级。

这个说法的由来非为今日,早在1949年以前,社会各界及民间舆论对于国民党政府官僚的私人财产情况即多有揭露,并有严厉的批评。

据国民党元老蔡元培日记所载,1934年12月26日《江南正报》曾刊文称:国府要人之财产多系秘密,而就可调查之范围内调查,则诸要人在本埠所有财产估计为,蒋介石1300万元,宋美龄3500万元,宋子文3500万元,孔祥熙1800万元,孙科4000万元,张静江3000万元。其他要人在上海各中外银行存款及不动产,据中国银行调查,约有5亿元,其不动产及公司多用其亲戚名义购置,故实款无法详确云。

但实情如何,在美国斯坦福大学该校胡佛研究所档案馆所藏张嘉璈(曾任中国银行、中央银行总裁)档案中,发现了一份日本特务机关1939年10月17日对国民党政府高级官员在上海外国银行存款情况所作之秘密调查报告,名为《登集团特报丙第一号 政府要人上海外国银行预金(存款)调查表》,现摘引于下:

蒋介石6639万元(按当时法币与美元的兑换价,约合809万美元。下同),

宋美龄3094万元(377万美元)

宋子文5230万元(637万美元)

孔祥熙5214万元(635万美元),

宋霭龄1200万元(146万美元),

陈立夫2400万元(292万美元),

宋子良550万元(67万美元),

张静江3750万元(457万美元),

孙科2832万元(345万美元),

张群2750万元(335万美元)

何应钦2600万元(317万美元)

阎锡山2800万元(341万美元),

何键2000万元(244万美元),

陈济棠6550万元(798万美元) 这些存款均存在当时在上海开业的外国银行,如花旗、麦加利、大通、友邦、运通、汇丰、荷兰银行等。列入上项名单的人员,有些是位居国民党政府最上层的统治人物,如蒋介石、宋子文、孔祥熙、陈立夫等;有些是国民党政府的高级军政官员,如何应钦、张群、孙科等;有些是在任或下野的地方实力派,如阎锡山、何键、陈济棠等;有些是以裙带关系而享有特权之上层人物,如宋美龄、宋霭龄、宋子良等。日本人一向重视对国民党的情报工作,不过因该调查报告尚无其他材料可为佐证,我们一时还无法判断其可靠性究竟如何。

    有人认为这个“名单”是日本特务机关夸大甚或假造的,情报来源不明,且没有确凿的佐证,姑且存疑。但如果证实这个报告调查数字可靠,有所依据的话,则可得出如下分析:

第一,国民党政府高级官员有大量私产,仅在上海外国银行的存款就相当可观。以调查当年的1939年为例,中国国内银行存款总额为法币605900万元(不包括沦陷区),政府预算收入为法币74000万元,外汇储备为25000万美元(1937年)。

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