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《我的奋斗》纳粹党徒都嫌难看:何以蛊惑千万人

2016-03-22 14:56:02   国家人文历史

1924年12月20日, 希特勒获得假释出狱,被判处5年徒刑的他仅在监狱中待了一年余

文 | 李思达

《国家人文历史》2016年3月下独家稿件,有删节,未经授权,严禁转载,欢迎广大读者以个人名义分享至朋友圈。

对世界上大多数人来说,2016年的元旦和往年并没有什么两样,但对于德国拜仁州政府来说,这天却意味着麻烦:有本归属于他们名下的超级畅销书,因为作者已逝世70年,根据法律规定,版权到期。从此之后,这本书就将属于“公共领域图书”,任何第三方都可以不经授权出版。

拜仁州政府头痛的并不是无法专享利润。事实上,这70年来他们从未再版这本书,他们保有版权的目的,就是为了让别人无法出版,从而彻底封杀它。这本书,就是臭名昭著全球公认的大毒草——希特勒的《我的奋斗》。

拜仁州又称巴伐利亚,是希特勒和纳粹党起家之处,希特勒正是在其首府慕尼黑发动啤酒馆暴动,写作和出版了《我的奋斗》。二战胜利后,盟国一致同意彻底肃清纳粹思想,《我的奋斗》自然也在盟军封杀清单上。在东德等苏东国家这不是什么问题,只需要一道行政命令就可以让《我的奋斗》永不见天日。但是在西方,由于宪法中明文规定保障言论和出版自由,这个问题就变得棘手起来。西德政府只能采取迂回措施:由美国占领当局出面,将《我的奋斗》相关权益移交给拜仁州政府。拜仁州政府则以自己不出版也不授权他人出版的形式,从法理上正当地封杀了这本纳粹“圣经”。从此,《我的奋斗》成了“隐形之书”,只有少数研究者能在图书馆的角落中看到。

为免不负责任的出版商为追求经济利益炒作“禁书”,拜仁州政府主动出击,动员了众多历史学家,于2016年1月8日出版了一本批注版《我的奋斗》,其中添加3500条注释,从原有的700多页膨胀到了1400多页,几乎是重写了一遍!注释主要是对纳粹意识形态进行解释和“消毒”,批驳其中错误;对人物和事件背景、希特勒言论来源、意识形态根源都进行了考订,补充了不少当代研究成果。出版者希望,通过这番修订,新时代的人有能力也能有智力来正确看待这株大毒草,再也不受其蛊惑。

逻辑混乱 有16.4万处语法错误

在很多人想象中,《我的奋斗》应该是一本极有煽动性、可读性的书籍,像毒品沾了就上瘾,所以才曾经那么火,到今天还得提防。其实事实完全相反。希特勒自己都在私下承认,如果早知道他最终会当上德国总理,那他是绝不会以这种形式出版《我的奋斗》的。

“叙事逻辑混乱”是这本书最明显的毛病之一。希特勒无疑有着惊人的演说天才,他可以一个话题又一个话题滔滔不绝地说上几小时,用各种煽动性的字眼拨弄听众的情感。然而当把这些谈话变成文字时,希特勒就暴露出他未接受过正规高等教育的缺陷:《我的奋斗》结构松散,行文跳跃,一看作者就没有在书桌前富有逻辑地思考和组织文字的能力。事实上,《我的奋斗》并不是他“亲笔”撰写,而是他口述,由鲁道夫·赫斯记录,施丹佛尔神父和约瑟夫·捷尔内润色而成。

作为一个资深文艺青年,希特勒在《我的奋斗》中忍不住对他能想到的一切问题发表意见,全然不顾本来的主题,结果使得全书除了政治之外,文化、教育、戏剧、电影、漫画、艺术、文学、历史、性、婚姻和卖淫,无所不包,毫无重点。甚至在探讨《第二帝国的崩溃》(第一卷第十章)这种严肃的主题时,他会突兀地花整整10页专门讨论如何在德国根治梅毒。全书的瞎扯节奏,由此可见一斑。

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