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张学良评日本:军人太疯狂 没亡国是上帝恩典

2016-03-21 14:47:41   人民网

本文摘自:《孤独百年:张学良的思想人生》,作者:王海晨,出版社:当代中国出版社

20世纪30年代初,日本陆军内部分化为互相排斥的两个派系:一派主张通过政变方式控制政权,实行军部法西斯独裁。由于此派开口闭口不离“皇道”,故被称为“皇道派”。其代表人物为荒木贞夫大将,(注:荒木贞夫(1877—1966),历任日本陆军大学校长、教育总监、犬养毅内阁陆军大臣。1932年1月,作为陆军大臣前往枢密院接受质询。一位顾问官问日本军人发动“九一八”事变的目的、目标及其范围是什么?荒木回答道:“目的是维持满洲治安,目标是张学良,范围是张学良统治下的东四省。”“不是东三省吗?”“那是过去。张学良亲自说过,包括热河在内,是东四省。”“如果是以张学良为目标,那么他要是到了北平,我们也要进军北平吗?”“他去北平,若扰乱满洲治安,我们如不进军北平,就难保满洲治安,国防的基础也无法建立。”“九一八”事变时,他叫嚣要退出国联,“一·二八”事变爆发后,屡次促成对华增兵,不断使战争升级。在“皇道派”与“统制派”的角逐中,他是“皇道派”的精神领袖。日本投降后,荒木贞夫成为首名被起诉的甲级战犯。在定罪量刑时,以一票之差侥幸逃过了绞首刑,被判无期徒刑。)其成员多为思想偏激的青年中下级军官。另一派多为陆军中上层军官。认为皇道派主张的血腥政变不利于军队和政局的稳定,主张运用军部的现有地位,在对外侵略战争中逐步扩大势力,以自上而下的合法手段改造国家,建立军部控制的法西斯政权,被称作“统制派”。

其实两派在建立法西斯政权这一根本问题上是一致的,只是在具体的方法、步骤方面存在着分歧和矛盾。1934年,皇道派精神领袖荒木贞夫担任的陆军大臣一职,由统制派林铣十郎大将接任(注:林铣十郎(1876—1943),“九一八”事变时任日本驻朝鲜军司令官,与关东军配合,发动对中国东北的进攻,被称为“越境将军”。1937年2月就任第33届内阁总理大臣,四个月之后下台。他虽名义上为统制派代表人物,却不能控制实权。)。统制派中坚人物永田铁山被提升为军务局长,这是仅次于陆军大臣和次长的实权职位。至此,统制派取代皇道派,确立了对陆军的绝对支配权。1935年6月,任军务局长的永田铁山前往中国东北视察,8月回到日本后,皇道派陆军中佐相泽三郎闯入永田军务局长室,拔出军刀将其砍杀。

永田铁山死时为少将,死后被追认为陆军中将。永田事件之后,统制派对皇道派进行报复,导致皇道派更加激烈反弹,1936年爆发了日本近代史上最为血腥的“二二六”事件。2月26日凌晨,皇道派青年军官率领千余名保卫皇宫的精锐士兵,分头刺杀“天皇周围的坏人”。袭击首相官邸,68岁的首相冈田启介被秘书推进密室藏了起来,自己跑到院子里,被冲上来的叛军误认为是首相打死了,首相戏剧性逃脱。主张遵守华盛顿海军条约的内大臣(日本海军大将,第30任首相),78岁的斋藤实身中47枪。统制派人物、教育总监渡边锭太郎(陆军大将)在床上先挨了一梭子子弹,死后又被剁下了头颅。82岁高龄的财政大臣高桥是清还没起床,就先挨了一梭子子弹,后被砍断右臂,死后腹部又被铰了几刀。

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