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中国最恐怖的14次战争 太平天国起义损失两亿人口

2016-03-17 14:21:46   新浪历史

明太祖朱元璋死后,用了46名妃妾、宫女殉葬。在以后的70年中,这种野蛮的制度又在皇帝与诸王中流行。

朱棣比起乃父来,毫不逊色。1402年,他夺了亲侄子的皇位,导致几十万人战死沙场。建文帝宫中的宫人、女官、太监被杀戮几尽。他曾一次枉杀1.4万多 人。他还将忠于建文帝的旧臣如方孝孺等人全部杀死。仅方孝孺一家,灭“十族”就杀掉873人!对于方孝孺的妻女,丧尽天良的朱棣竟把她们送进军营,让士兵 轮奸,一个女子一日一夜要受20余名男子的凌辱。有被摧残致死的,朱棣就下圣谕将尸体喂狗吃。永乐末年,他大肆屠杀宫女、宦官,在这次大惨案中,被杀的宫 女有3000人之多。

明成祖死亡(1424年)的当天,30多名宫女都被饷之于庭,吃完以后,被带上殿堂,哭声震动殿阁。殿堂内置有小木床,使宫女立在床上,梁上结有绳套,把她们的头放在圈套中,然后撤掉小床,将其吊死。据说,这样殉葬比活埋要痛快得多。

12。明末混战

从李自成起义到吴三桂灭亡,明末清初国内混战54年。明末全国人口为1亿,到清世祖时全国人口只剩下1400万人了。锐减80%多,损失人口8000多万。

1628年(崇祯元年),陕西的大饥荒弄到人相食的地步,正是这场空前的大灾难拉开了明王朝灭亡的序幕。李自成的大顺军的战马,饮的是俘虏的血。战马饮惯 了血,对水不屑一顾。上了战场,战马一闻到血腥味,奔腾嘶鸣,眼睛发红,简直像狮子一样。大顺军打下安徽桐城,百姓箪食壶浆,以迎义师。一名农民在城门口 拦住几名大顺军兵士,向他们讲述自己的苦难。一个大顺军小头目说:“哎呀,你既然那么苦,何必活在世间?”就把老农杀了。

明崇祯十七年(1644年)八月初九,张献忠攻陷成都,下令屠城三日。三日过了,停止大杀,仍然每日小杀百余人以树威。欧洲传教士利类斯和安文思二人所著 《圣教入川记》记载,张献忠每日杀一二百人,为时一年又五个月,累计杀人10万,亦不算多。清军一来,他就逃了。在大军逃离成都前,更是对成都实行残酷的 “四光政策”,尽杀蜀人,从老百姓到军队家属(老弱病残)再到他部队中的湖北兵、四川兵,最后连早期跟随他出生入死的秦兵也在剐杀之列,剐杀后制成腌肉以 充军粮。单就此点来说,实在独步中国大屠杀史。

据《蜀破镜》记载,某日晚,张献忠的幼子经过堂前,张唤子未应,即下令杀之。第二天晨起后悔,责问妻妾们昨晚为何不救,又下令将诸妻妾以及杀幼子的刀斧手悉数杀死。

张献忠学朱元璋剥人皮,“先施于蜀府宗室,次及不屈文武官,又次及乡绅,又次及本营将弁。凡所剥人皮,渗以石灰,实以稻草,植以竹竿,插立于王府前街之两 旁,夹道累累,列千百人,遥望如送葬俑”。张献忠创造了许多杀人的名堂,譬如派遣将军们四面出击,“分屠各州县”,名曰“草杀”。上朝的时候,百官在下边 跪着,他招唤数十只狗下殿,群狗嗅到谁,就把谁拉出去斩了,这叫“天杀”。他想杀读书人,就开科取士,将数千四川学子骗来杀光。

每屠杀一地,都详细记录所杀人数,其中记有人头几大堆,人手掌几大堆,人耳朵几大堆。打下麻城后,他把妇女的小脚砍下来堆成山,带着他最心爱的一个小妾去 参观。小妾笑着说:“好看!好看!只是美中不足,要再有一双秀美的小脚放在顶端,就再好也不过了。”张献忠笑眯眯地说:“你的脚就最秀美。”于是把小妾的 脚剁下来放到“山尖”上。张献忠兵败溃退,更是杀妇女腌渍后充为军粮。如遇上有孕者,刨腹验其男女。对怀抱中婴幼儿则将其抛掷空中,下以刀尖接之,观其手 足飞舞而取乐。稍大一些的儿童或少年,则数百人一群,用柴薪点火围成圈,士兵在圈外用矛戟刺杀,看其呼号乱走以助兴致。

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