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大量青年奔赴抗日根据地,引起了国民党的高度警觉,他们软硬兼施、千方百计进行封锁阻挠,很多人被国民党宪兵特务扣留关押,甚至惨遭杀害。尽管如此,到1942年底,共有10万多以进步青年学生为主体的抗日志士,投奔到延安及其他抗日根据地。这些青年学生经过抗大以及其他各种形式的学习培训,绝大多数成为了懂政治、懂军事、会做群众工作的优秀指挥员,为抗战的胜利作出了重要贡献。
抗美援朝时期:
十万学生兵,披上新戎装,打击野心狼,卫国保家乡
新中国成立后,中国人民解放军开始由单一陆军向诸军兵种合成军队转变。建国之初,我军发展到500多万,其中干部仅46万,加上支援地方建设,干部缺口较大。为解决全军干部普遍缺乏的问题,加快培养专业技术人才,以确保海军、空军等技术兵种快速组建,1950年12月至1951年6月间,中央军委和政务院发布两次决定,规定全国各种军事干部学校在全国范围内统一招生,掀起了我军历史上第二次知识青年从军潮。
据《人民日报》报道,决定于1950年12月1日发布后,“首都学生、工人欢欣鼓舞,一致高呼:‘为祖国和人民建功立业的时机到了!’”北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学等首都高校和中学都在整个团支部、整个系班报名参军。汤用彤、许德珩、华罗庚、黎锦熙等知名教授纷纷鼓励学生参加国防建设,清华大学教授梁思成、林徽因夫妇也积极支持儿子梁从诫参加军事干部学校。
长春航空学员预科总队当时刚刚成立不久,有关人员回忆:1950年10月以后,全国开展抗美援朝运动,青年学生参军出现高潮。在1950年底一段时间,有时一天就来一二百人,吃住都是大问题,没有床板就搭地铺,3个大队20个中队全部满员,达到3000多人。到了1951年又成立4个大队,学员曾达到4000人。有时学员多了,每个中队临时多编1个区队,每个区队又多编1个班,房子挤着住。
当时,朝鲜战场激战正酣。受此激励,全国各地参加报名的青年学生多达58万余人,实际招收了10万余人入伍,进入各类军事干部学校学习。用当时的话说:“十万学生兵,披上新戎装,跨进军干校,掌握新武器,打击野心狼,卫国保家乡。”这次知识青年从军潮大大改善了人民军队的文化结构,有力促进了我军各技术兵种部队的逐步建立,使我军的军兵种技术构成发生了历史性变化。经过培养与锻炼,这批人中的大多数成长为军队的骨干,其中的佼佼者后来成长为我军高级将领。
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