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中国同意制裁朝鲜俄为何还阻挠:与华默契反制美

2016-03-03 13:45:38   观察者网

可以说,中国的所有核心和非核心国家利益,俄罗斯都是完全尊重和支持。而某些群体心仪的美国,却在每一个方面都在损害着中国的国家利益。可奇怪的是,他们却对这些完全视而不见,反而竭尽全力的大造舆论,试图破坏中俄关系。

当然中俄走近,并不仅仅是由于双方互相尊重对方的利益,更重要的是都面临共同的来自美国的挑战。美国进入二十一世纪后,由于反恐战争中的失误和经济危机,令其国力大损。另一方面中国却迅速崛起,俄罗斯则凭借油价上涨而国力加速恢复。美国为了确保自己在全球的霸权,同时对中俄两国进行打压和遏制。

美国先是食言进行北约东扩,同时把前苏联势力范围全都纳入欧盟。随后更在乌克兰、吉尔吉斯坦、格鲁吉亚等国发动颜色革命,直接把其影响力推进到俄罗斯的家门口。特别是乌克兰危机,不惜破坏民主原则,不惜破坏欧盟见证下达成的妥协协议,支持以街头暴力手段推翻民选总统亚努克维奇,逼使俄罗斯不得不出手吞并克里米亚。随后再借口此事,进行经济制裁,全面打击俄罗斯。

至于中国,美国则在上文提到的所有核心和非核心国家利益上出手,试图全面遏制中国的崛起。最为可笑也最令人深思的是,越南无论是经济发展水平,还是市场经济程度和法治水平都远远落后中国,却能达到以全新高标准自诩的TPP,成为其一员。

所以,面对共同咄咄逼人的对手和威胁,中俄怎么可能不走到一起?

目前对于中国而言,与俄罗斯战略性联手根本不是什么问题,真正要思考的则是这种合作将会持续多久。俄罗斯是否在未来会重新成为中国的威胁?

从目前各种发展趋势来看,中俄恐怕要长期友好下去。原因很简单,俄罗斯虽然现在仍然可以在世界上大亮肌肉,但它已经失去了发展的可能。而一个日益走弱的俄罗斯,则必然丧失威胁中国的能力,它只能追求和中国友好。而中国即使超越美国,也不会是美国的翻版:即动辄诉诸武力干预他国内政。

俄罗斯的必然衰退主要有三个原因。一是人口加速老化和减少。按照俄罗斯居民目前的自然死亡率,到本世纪末,俄罗斯人口将从目前的1.5亿人锐减到6000万至6500万人。目前新一代俄罗斯人只能更替上一代人的60%,据联合国预计,到本世纪中叶,也门的人口可能超过俄罗斯。在世界范围内,人口出生率是死亡率的2.6倍,而俄罗斯则是每分钟有3人出生,5人死亡。整体而言,俄罗斯的出生率低于欧洲平均水平,与德国、希腊、意大利等国相差无几,然而死亡率却能与非洲相比。

二是普京执政以后,错过了油价爆涨带来的历史机遇。把大量的石油收入用于民粹般的福利而不是再度工业化。本来历经叶利钦民主灾难时期的俄罗斯,劳动力成本低,百姓也有工作的积极性。但迅速到来的福利则完全改变了发展工业化的历史契机。结果普京执政十六年,俄罗斯仍然除了石油和武器而一无所长,还是仅仅延续了苏联后期依赖出口能源等原材料的经济发展模式。

三是面对西方的挑衅,反应过于激烈而不顾策略,导致最后双方完全敌对。比如,面对乌克兰的变局,俄国是否只有吞并克里米亚一条途径?更何况俄罗斯已经长期事实上控制了克里米亚,有必要一定追求法理拥有?结果俄罗斯不仅丧失了西方的市场,也丧失了西方的技术。没有西方的市场和技术,中国提供的资本也将无多大用武之地。俄罗斯的现代化也就很难成功。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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