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国际油价再跌普京直呼“受伤”

2016-01-14 09:13:43   观察者网

新年仅不足10个交易日,油价就下跌了超过20%,跌破了30美元历史性关口。供给端过剩、需求端低迷、经济中各种不确定性夹杂在一起,让油价“跌跌不休”,已无“底线”。最极端的预期来自Standard Chartered分析师,他们预计油价或降至10美元/桶。

沙特违约风险剧增

沙特主权债务违约风险(白色)超过垃圾级的葡萄牙

国际油价创12年新低,投资者越发担忧全球最大石油出口国沙特的信用风险。体现市场预期主权债务违约风险的沙特5年期CDS(信用违约互换)昨日创7年新高,与垃圾级评级主权债的CDS水平相当。

彭博新闻社统计,昨日沙特5年期CDS升至2009年4月以来最高的190基点,过去12个月内上升一倍多。这一CDS水平与葡萄牙同期CDS相同,而根据国际信用评级机构穆迪给予的评级,葡萄牙主权信用为垃圾级,沙特的等级是高7级的投资级Aa3级。

沙特坐拥规模排名全球第三位的外储,但其九成国家收入依赖石油出口,油价“跌跌不休”让沙特政府的财政压力倍增。截至去年11月,沙特外储净资产连降10个月至6270亿美元,为至少2006年以来最长连降期。去年沙特官方公布的财政预算赤字达到创纪录的978亿美元,远超前年的144亿美元。

同在去年11月,外媒获悉,沙特首次决定在国际市场发债融资,五年内可能将债务比由不足7%升至50%、将债务与GDP之比提高到50%,预计今年占比6.7%,明年为17.3%。

管理约100亿美元新兴市场债券资产的伦敦资产管理公司Aberdeen Asset Management投资经理Anthony Simond评论称,沙特有大量外储,负债率极低,但问题是,油价能在当前水平持续多久。

鉴于沙特自身财务状况吃紧,以及该国与伊朗的紧张关系升级,巴克莱预计沙特5年期CDS还会再上升50到100个基点。管理约130亿美元的德国机构Union Investment Privatfonds GmbH的高级基金经理Sergey Dergachev也认为,沙特CDS飙升体现出投资者更担心,未来几个月与沙特有关的伊斯兰教宗教纷争和也门战局恶化。

海通证券本月初预计,在油价跌至每桶20美元的极端情况下,沙特的GDP将剧烈缩水至5180亿美元,财政赤字率将达到25%,经常账户赤字将超过GDP的20%,外储将在一年之内减少近2000亿美元。即使沙特政府能勒紧腰带,正常情况下沙特外储也仅能维持5-6年,而一旦油价继续暴跌,全部外储仅需3年时间就将枯竭。

普京:油价伤我最深

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