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印专家:印度为何反对一带一路

2016-01-08 08:30:34   观察者网

另一重因素是,一带一路,特别是海上丝绸之路,有可能会招来中国在印度洋区域建设自己的军事基地,这对印度度是另一大挑战。至少印度军事部门的人认为,这已经发生在斯里兰卡和吉布提。

就海上丝绸之路而言,印度的挑战是,一直以来,印度是这一地区海上安全的提供者。在2008年缅甸发生的纳尔吉斯旋风就可以看到,印度是第一个反应的国家,帮助过东南亚国家,如泰国、缅甸、马来西亚。就远洋运输的安全而言,印度为美国、日本、新加坡、马来西亚、印度尼西亚等国的轮船提供了安全保障。就打击海盗行为来说,印度也扮演着主角,这得到一致公认。过去这么多年,印度和日本一直在这方面合作。日本依靠印度来保障他们货轮安全和通行安全。中国在印度洋的参与,我们不知道会给现在的局面带来多大的挑战,或者机遇。

还有,印度与中国还存在边境争议。只要边境争议继续存在,我不认为两国的高层关系会变得非常紧密。

此外,一带一路所覆盖的区域——东南亚、中亚、巴基斯坦,这些地区印度十分关切,也有利益所在。尤其是东南亚,是印度东进外交政策实施最成功的地区。中亚在历史上就与印度联系很深,无论文化背景、制度还是其他因素。在苏联时期,这些国家与我们的领导人关系就非常好。即便今天,这些联系还是很深。

另一个因素是,传统上,印度被视为美国及其盟友的被动合作伙伴。然而,美国一直在要求印度向东看、向东行动,而不是向西看。所以印度实际上在阿富汗没有什么动作。从印度安全部门看来,考虑到印度在阿富汗的利益,这并不公平。实际上,印度一直在向西看。看起来,这像是对美国说“不、不。”正因为出于对中巴经济走廊的担忧,现在形成了一种印象:印度和日本现在绑在一起向前走,所以中国人不高兴了。在莫迪上台时,情况并不是如此。因为,过去多年,莫迪和中国一直保持非常好的友谊,大家都认为,当莫迪掌权后,中、印关系将得到极大的改善。不幸的是,这并没有发生。

对印度而言,应对中国的一带一路,将发挥以下机制:第一是继续推进BBIN,还有其他的区域协作,另一个是孟加拉湾倡议( Bay of Bengal Initiative),提高东部尼科巴-安达曼群岛的战略地位。以及加快湄公河-印度经济走廊建设,修建从印度的加尔各答、到缅甸、泰国、老挝,最终抵达越南胡志明市的公路,打通印度到太平洋的通道。

在东北部的基础设施建设而言,合作伙伴技术和资金的资助尤其重要。PQI,从日本人的角度来看,将是游戏规则改变者。这已有先例,譬如德里的地铁,德里-孟买经济走廊,以及未来印度到越南的走廊。所以就基础设施建设而言,印度和日本的合作将是游戏规则改变者。我相信,美国也将会帮助我们,不管是正面的还是负面的,来应对一带一路带来的挑战。

确实,一带一路计划影响了印度,还有孟加拉以及缅甸的安全和经济利益,甚至是巴基斯坦。从印度人的角度而言,中国人犯的错误是在时机的选择上,具体说是在中巴经济走廊的问题上。几乎是在顷刻之间,印度的自由派的也不支持这个玩法了,印度安全部门的人说,看,这就是中国人和巴基斯坦人打算要干的——中巴经济走廊才是他们的头等大事,而这和我们没有任何关系。所以,即便是莫迪,也不得不听他们的。

你再看看过去,印度几乎是亚投行的第一个支持者,支持还有我们支持中国的BCIM走廊,甚至中国海军在印度洋巡航,印度政府都表示了支持。但是巴基斯坦人进来后,一切回到了起点。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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