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俄:T-50隐身战机可内载巡航导弹 攻击力远超F-22

2014-05-30 14:50:10   环球网

印度由于在飞机制造领域缺乏必要技术,因此在项目第一阶段纯粹是金融参与。之后印度斯坦航空有限公司和俄联合航空制造集团签署协议,规定印度参与第二阶段的研发,主要是为印度版战机生产航电设备。后来新飞机首飞日期虽然有所延误,从2007年、2008年和2009反复推迟,但是俄方仍然开始寻找其他潜在合作伙伴。巴西被视为最有前途的伙伴,现在双方仍在谈论巴西可能加入T-50项目的问题。但是T-50的性能参数多少限制了其扩大合作的地理范围,作为比 F-22更大、更重、航程更远的重型歼击机,从理论上讲,并不适合所有国家。遗憾的是,俄方本来应当平行研制第五代轻型歼击机,替代米格-29,和美国第五代轻型歼击机F-35竞争,但是由于资金短缺问题延误了相当长的时间。实际上早在2000-2007年间,印度试图与俄罗斯联合研制的正是轻型歼击机,但是俄空军认为重型战机则是更为优先的选择。

系统方法

研发新飞机的关键问题是研制全套设备和武器,确保其性能优于自己的前辈和竞争对手。俄方几乎在研制新飞机的同时开始为其研制前景武器系统。据悉,T-50 应当配备RVV-MD(短距)、RVV-SD(中距)和RVV-BD(远距)三类新型空空导弹,由“信号旗”国家机械制造设计局负责研发,从2004年起并入“战术导弹武器”集团。另外还在为T-50研制其他类型的武器,包括空面导弹和制导航空炸弹。

除了通常的完善性能之外,对T-50机载武器的一个关键要求是新导弹必须适宜在内置武器舱内使用。这需要使用折叠面,并对导弹发射算法进行重大改变。不过在苏-47实验机试飞过程中,已经获得了这方面的许多必要改进信息。T-50从设想之初就要求具备较强的通用性能,必须超过主要对手F-22。“猛禽”直到2013年才开始进行改进,准备使用空面武器,但是其内置武器舱不适宜发射重型、大尺寸、远程导弹,因为在F-22研发之初,设定使用配备大尺寸武器舱和双座驾驶舱的F-22B攻击版进行补充,后来由于预算限制,F-22B只停留在了纸面上,未能问世。 相比之下,T-50从一开始就在财政极其困难的情况下研发,被迫立即成为“多面手”,配备两个大尺寸武器舱,使其攻击实力远比F-22强得多,特别是它能使用专门为其研制的射程可达250公里的KH-58USHKE巡航导弹。另外T-50还能和F-22一样,可以牺牲飞机的部分隐身性能,使用外部挂架。

走完四分之三路程

迄今为止,T-50的研发道路已经走完了大部分路程,制造出了5架试验样机,第6架飞机将在未来几个月加入试飞计划。4年来已经试飞了将近600架次,而且强度还在不断增加。过去最困难的试验阶段是2011-2012年,飞机结构进行了一系列变动。根据不同估计,项目支出已经达到600-1500亿卢布 (约合17.38-43.44亿美元),算上量产价格在内,到2030年前项目总成本可能达到1万亿卢布(289.63亿美元)。

现有消息表明,现在T-50仍有一些问题未能解决,特别是RVV-BD远程导弹的研制延误,可能会推迟到本世纪10年代末才会问世。与此同时,美国空军已经装备较新版本的AIM-120C远程格斗导弹,订购了射程更远的AIM-120D导弹,因此俄军绝对有必要加快研制RVV-BD导弹。之所以急需这种导弹,还是因为T-50已被视为米格-31歼击截击机的潜在继任者,而为了执行空中拦截任务,首先需要远程导弹。

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