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各国机舱安全措施盘点:美驾驶舱装甲可抗炸弹

2014-03-23 15:32:22   新京报

当飞机飞在万里云霄,对机舱内的封闭世界,安全就成为第一要务。全球航空安全的分水岭,是1988年泛美航空公司的洛克比空难,9·11事件更彻底改变了全球航空安全的面貌。在保障空中安全方面,各国各出奇招。不过,马航事件,也为各国航空安全提出了新的挑战,如果威胁安全的是飞行员,那该怎么办?

【以色列】

安检人员盯得你发毛

在马航MH370失联之后,以色列安全官员和航空当局立即召开会议,拟定了一系列加强以色列航空安全的措施,其中一项是要求飞往以色列的飞机,要比之前更早地亮明自己的身份。以色列对于空中安全的保护意识,由此可见一斑。

周边强敌环伺的以色列,自建国起就有强烈的安全意识,也建立了一套世界上最严格的航空安保体系。以色列航空的第一任务是安全,其次才是便利。也因此遭遇不少埋怨。

当你在特拉维夫机场,看到安检人员眼也不眨地盯着你时,千万不要感到慌张。这是以色列独创的“可预测乘客过滤法”。

从上世纪80年代开始,以色列就实施了一种严格的安保措施,其目标是将恐怖袭击阻挡在飞机之外。以色列路坦安保公司共同首席执行官撒基说,恐怖分子在策划或准备实施恐怖行为时一定会产生细微、预测、可分辨的行为。“任何恐怖分子在面对训练有素的安保人员时,绝无可能完全隐藏这种行为模式。”

在世界许多国家机场,这样的情景总是很常见:安检人员紧盯着电脑屏幕,看着你的行李被扫描的结果,不会太多理会乘客。但在以色列机场,等待行李检查的时候,受过高度训练的安全人员会不断和乘客说话,一直盯着乘客,“察言观色”,直到确认“安全”,才会允许乘客去售票柜台取票。

以色列还不断尝试新的安保方式。

2008年时,以色列试行了一项新的措施:所有飞入以色列领空的飞机,飞行员都要在到达前输入一个序列号验证自己的身份,以证明开飞机的不是恐怖分子。一家公司设计了一个信用卡般大小的键盘,发放给所有飞往以色列的飞行员,大约10000张左右,每个人都有一个独特的验证码。

如果输错了,对不起,以色列会拒绝这架飞机入境。如果飞机不听警告继续飞行,以色列就会派战斗机进行拦截。

“这个系统不是用来吓唬人的,”以色列交通运输部安全负责人丹尼说,“这个系统让我们更有信心,知道飞机由一个正确的人驾驶。”

2010年,一架埃塞客机飞行员没有及时向以色列控制中心发送正确代码,于是它发现,身边多了两架以色列空军战机,一直“护送”客机到红海。

【美国】

驾驶舱装甲可抵御炸弹

真正改变全球航空安全理念的是9·11事件。在此之前,人们对航空安全的认识,集中在飞机设计、如何减少人为操作失误等,客舱安全很少得到太多重视。

9·11对美国航空安全改变巨大,美国联邦航空管理局将原客舱安全设计从结构设计验证部门独立出来,并大量招募此领域的工程及核查人员,同时改善客舱内部安全措施。美国政府还专门成立了运输安全委员会。

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