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中国航展无人机媲美美军现役型号 更应看到差距
2016-11-24 10:53:32 中国青年报
二是采取颠覆性的运用方法倒逼无人机发展。奇思妙想可以激发无穷的科技创造力。这方面以美军正在热火朝天发展的无人机与有人机编队作战和无人机“蜂群”作战为代表。在无人机与有人机编队作战方面,美国陆军见效较快,已实现AH-64E“阿帕奇”攻击直升机与MQ-1C“灰鹰”无人机的编队作战。其基本原理就是在AH-64E上加装了远程控制MQ-1C飞行、传感器和武器系统的通用控制组件,可空中接管原来由地面控制站操纵的MQ-1C。
美国空军对无人机与有人机编队作战研发方面,正在开展的是“忠诚僚机”计划。一种是希望将退役的F-16战斗机改造成无人驾驶战斗机,以僚机的身份与F-35这种隐身飞机一同组成飞行编队,并接受F-35飞行员的控制。F-16无人机能够自动完成所有的基本飞行任务,无需全程接受人工指挥。另一种是设想用F-35或F-22隐身战斗机遥控10架或更多“捕食者”或“死神”无人机群进行编队作战。隐身战斗机飞行员一人在座舱中即可进行无人机任务规划、飞行控制、侦察攻击。除此之外,美军还在探索用有人机遥控无人机进行反导作战。
“蜂群”作战是一个低成本、高效能的作战运用方案。美国国防部战略能力办公室的设想是,用F-16等战斗机挂载标准的MJU-10/B诱饵发射器,诱饵发射器内装几十架可乐瓶大小的无人机。作战时,战斗机像发射诱饵似的将几十架无人机发射出去。无人机部件采用3D打印而成,完成任务后不用回收。无人机既可实施侦察,也可充当诱饵,还可进行电子或自杀式攻击。
另外,无人机对我军来讲还是个新生事物,加大装备力度和训练使用强度,是促进无人机尽快形成战斗力和迭代发展的重要环节。在美军,“捕食者”系列无人机有几百架的装备规模,每年使用上百万小时。即使如此,美军的无人机事故率仍居高不下,每10万飞行小时的事故率高达9.31。虽然原因很多,但操作失误是其中的重要一条。目前的现役无人机基本上都是遥控型,远程遥控几百公里甚至几千公里之外的无人机,毕竟不像飞行员坐在驾驶舱中那样,可以脑、眼、手、脚并用,可以真切感受战场氛围,无人机的遥控难以实现像有人机那样的人机高度融合。在我国各种无人机不断成熟的情况下,应加强无人机装备,强化无人机训练,以提高操控无人机的熟练程度,挖掘无人机作战效能,探索无人机的训练运用方法,发现问题,提出改进方向,培育新的发展需求。
(作者张文昌 单位:空军装备研究院)
责任编辑:秦涛 cm006
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