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揭秘神舟十一号飞船返航利器:最后关头高度判断

2016-11-22 08:58:56   

经过与空气的“软”摩擦之后,神舟飞船返回舱进入着陆缓冲环节,原本,这最后一步是硬碰硬的撞击,但γ高度控制装置的负责人王征告诉记者,该装置能够让飞船在着陆瞬间,判断飞船的高度,从而实施“刹车”,具体来看其过程——

在返回舱降至离地面约几千米高度时,主伞打开,γ高度控制装置开始加电工作。

在距离地面数米高度时,γ高度控制装置给出预指令信号,提示航天员即将着陆。

在返回舱接近地面时,γ高度控制装置给出点火指令,控制反推发动机点火,至此,该装置的使命完成了。

γ高度控制装置,被称作神舟飞船飞行任务的最后环节,是飞船的关键设备。然而,在神舟八号任务之前,我国在这方面一直是使用国外产品。

那时,国内采用γ放射源实现高度控制缺少相关研究。航天科工集团三院35所项目组在成立之初,只有行政指挥加3个老师傅和两个年轻人,算得上是该所规模最小的队伍。

时任所长助理的刘波,担任了γ高度控制装置项目行政指挥,他说,当时的情况不比现在,谁也不知道我们的产品最后能不能上飞船,可谓“前路不明”。

日复一日的等待与付出终于得到了回应,35所γ高度控制装置在综合空投试验中,用成绩证明了自己,终于成为神舟七号备份产品。那一年,王征成了γ高度控制装置的主任设计师,即该项目第三代主任设计师。

2011年11月,国产的γ高度控制装置成功应用于神舟飞船。王征认为自己是幸运的,虽然有太多的难关要克服,但给予自己施展抱负的机会和支持,让自己懂得了国家的航天事业是如何铸就的,懂得了什么是“国家利益高于一切”,更懂得了什么是传承。

如今这次任务,是这个国产的γ高度控制装置第4次参加神舟飞船航天飞行,正是这件小部件,为航天员点亮回家最后的这段路。航天人经历了10余年的艰难拼搏,经历过不断的跌倒、质疑、又爬起来前行的历炼,“把国产的装置送上天”的梦终于圆了。

责任编辑:秦涛 cm006
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