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无人机有了强劲的“中国心” 动力和平台更匹配

2016-11-08 09:15:24   经济日报

在日前结束的第十一届中国航展上,无人机是一大看点。《经济日报》记者在展会现场看到,展品以专业级无人机及相关构件为主,包括工业级和军工级无人机。目前国内消费级无人机已达到世界领先水平,但专业级无人机却尚未取得更高成就,动力系统是制约其发展的重要因素。

  飞机能够飞起来离不开螺旋桨推进,螺旋桨要想产生推力必须依靠动力系统带动。动力技术是无人机技术的关键。美国在《无人机系统路线图(2005—2030)》指出:“推进技术和处理器技术是无人机的两大关键技术。”作为无人机系统发展的基石,无人机动力系统的发展直接决定了无人机能够飞多远、飞多久。

  民用无人机:

  化“电动”为“油动”

  不同类型的无人机平台对动力装置的需求有所不同,动力装置决定着无人机的飞行时间和载荷重量,反过来又制约了无人机的作业能力。目前,无人机的动力系统分为电动机和发动机两大类,即“电动”和“油动”。

  电动机,又称电动马达、电机,一般应用在微型无人机上,现在市场上大部分商用无人机安装的都是电机。这种动力装置优点是结构简单、重量轻、使用方便,适合作为低空、低速、微型无人机的动力。“油动”的发动机一般应用于无人直升机等军工级飞机。目前无人机广泛采用的发动机包括往复式和旋转式活塞发动机,以及包括涡喷、涡扇、涡桨和涡轴在内的燃气涡轮发动机。采用电动马达的小型无人机载重约为3至5公斤,续航时间为15至20分钟;而使用汽油发动机作动力系统,载重一般可达15公斤以上,续航时间可达2小时。

  专业级无人机在电力、安防、农业、森林防火、警用等不同细分领域的应用正在稳步增长。相比消费级无人机,应用于行业当中的无人机对载重负荷能力和续航能力的要求更高。市面上所售的大部分电动多旋翼由于锂电池的局限性,在带动5公斤重物轻载巡航的情况下,飞行时间最多不超过40分钟。长航时大载重多旋翼无人机缺乏,成为国内无人机市场的“盲点”。

  一些国内厂商探索将电动多旋翼和油动直升机的优点结合起来,以达到增加飞机续航时间、增强飞机飞行稳定性、提升飞机综合性能的目的。易瓦特科技股份公司是国内领先的民用无人机系统制造商,其研发的固定翼无人机、多旋翼无人机和大载荷无人直升机等产品已广泛用于新闻影视、物流配送、农林植保等10多个领域。航展期间,易瓦特发布了新品无人机——EWZ110油动变矩多旋翼。这款多旋翼无人机最大有效载荷20公斤,最大起飞重量40公斤,最大续航时长120分钟,突破了现今大部分商用电动无人机动力系统的限制,从各方面显著提升了无人机的性能。

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