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神舟天宫“吻戏”第四季:“拥吻”变“追吻”

2016-10-19 11:32:22   

5次轨道控制只是神舟十一号“追吻”的第一步,也叫作远距离导引控制,将神舟十一号与天宫二号由相距100多公里缩短到50多公里。经过5次轨道控制后,神舟十一号和天宫二号就可以开始“眉目传情”了。

“追吻”第二步是自主控制段。“等到两飞行器相距50多公里时,载人飞船将转入自主控制,自主实施寻的段控制。”北京飞控中心总体室主任陈险峰告诉记者,在这种状态下,神舟十一号将依靠航天器上的微波雷达、激光雷达等测量设备,获得信息进行自主控制、相互接近。

“追吻”还将经过近距离导引控制段,最终逼近段,交会合拢段,最终完成紧锁。

新舞台——

“阴影区”里的“国际范”

如果“追吻”还不够过瘾,那让我们再一起来看看神舟天宫“吻戏”第四季的另一看点,新舞台。

神舟十一号与天宫二号交会对接,是在距地面393公里的圆形轨道上进行,这比以往交会对接轨道抬高了50公里,比一个马拉松全程距离还要远。

为什么要抬高呢?“主要目的是瞄准空间站轨道,国际空间站是运行在轨道高度400公里左右。”孙军如是解释。

运行在低轨道的航天器,距离地球不够远,仍会有稀薄的大气。受到大气阻力影响,会导致航天器轨道高度不断下降,为了维持相对稳定的轨道高度,就需要消耗航天器自身推进剂。

而轨道越高,大气就会变的稀薄,大气阻力就会变小,轨道衰减就会相对低一些,也就更容易维护稳定的轨道高度并节省燃料。也就是说,此次神舟十一号与天宫二号激情“相吻”会更省力。

新舞台的灯光特效也有了新变化。神舟十一号与天宫二号交会对接最终平移靠拢段,是在太阳光无法照射的阴影区完成的,这和以往大不相同。神舟九号与天宫一号两次载人交会对接全部在阳照区进行。

“在阴影区进行交会对接,好处在于可以避免阳光直射对光敏感测量设备造成影响,但这会为肉眼观测带来不便。”科研人员解释说,“吻戏”虽然在阴影区进行,但是天宫二号和神舟十一号上都配有照明灯,所以观众们在大屏幕里看到的画面依然会很清晰。

新舞台带来的是“国际范”。要知道,目前在轨运行的国际空间站,轨道高度是距地面397公里,我们的空间站差不多也是在这个高度。“国际范”意味着,神舟十一号与天宫二号的这一“吻”将揭开未来空间站的剧情大幕。

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