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中国核电人才荒:操纵员比飞行员金贵 没时间恋爱

2016-08-05 08:38:42   第一财经

7月20日, 中核集团官方微信发布的《中国工程院院士徐銤谈核电:发展不能再低调》消息称,目前,核电在中国的电力供应中占比只有2%左右,而世界上有18个国家的核电在其电力供应中占比均已超过了20%,全世界平均水平则约为13%。

中国核电发展的规模还太小,需要在未来15年中坚持规模化发展,新增70至100台百万千瓦级核电机组。”在今年全国“两会”期间,全国政协委员、中广核董事长贺禹称,为实现中国的节能减排任务,到2030年,核电占一次能消费总量的比例达到5%左右才能有效支撑。

核电大发展意味核电人才需要快速增长。“我国核电发展始终把安全放在第一位……支撑我国核电安全、高效发展的决定性因素在人,那么预示着未来五至十年,需要大批核工程与核技术、核物理、机电及热能工程、企业管理等方面的核电专业人才。”来自国家能源局核电司的闫林在2015年全国核电人才开发与建设研讨会上说。

骨干人才在流失

作为“国之重器”,核电产品复杂程度高,产业链涵盖了科研、开发、设计、制造、建设、运营等各个方面,行业范围涉及到从原子核物理试验到机电设备制造、从热工水力学研究到核电站运营、从裂变材料勘探开采到核废物处置等。

“对于核电运营行业,每台核电机组约需要500-800名员 。”艾德生在上述研讨会上分析说。1℃记者据此计算,中国目前在运的30台核电机组需要的运行管理人才在15000-24000人;而按照一台核电机组从开工建设到建设完成所需周期为5年来计算,到2020年,随着在建的24台机组陆续投运,54台在运核电机组需要的运营管理人才是27000-43200人。

如果按照中广核董事长贺禹的说法计算,到2030年中国核电机组增至100台,那么这类人才将再增加一近倍,即达到23000-36800,届时的人才需求总量将是50000-80000人。

没有公开官方资料显示中国目前直接从事核电的人员具体数量。《中国能源报》2013年报道称,它从有关渠道“获得的一份2020年核电人才需求预测数据”显示:到2020年,包括核燃料循环、核电科研、工程设计、工程管理、施工安装、电站运营、电站维修、电站退役及后处理、快堆示范工程在内的10个领域的人才都将实现大幅度增加。其中核燃料循环、施工安装、电站运营、电站维修、电站退役及后处理人才需求数量将分别由目前的8500、48000、14000、9700及9400人增至2020年的13300、70000、47500、16000-19000和12600-13300人。

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