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中国外交部发布南海仲裁案声明 开篇提中菲友谊

2016-06-08 10:40:50   观察者网

一、通过双边谈判解决在南海的有关争议是中菲共识和承诺

中国一贯主张与直接当事国在尊重历史事实的基础上,根据国际法,通过谈判和平解决领土和海洋划界争议。在领土主权和海洋划界问题上,中国从来不接受任何诉诸第三方的争端解决方式,不接受任何强加于中国的争端解决方案。领土主权问题不属于《联合国海洋法公约》的调整范围。对于海洋划界争议,中国已于2006年根据《公约》第298条作出排除性声明,将涉及海洋划界等方面的争议排除在《公约》规定的第三方争端解决程序之外。

通过双边谈判解决中菲在南海的有关争议,既是中国政府的一贯政策,也是中菲之间达成的明确共识。

1995年8月10日,中菲共同发表的《中华人民共和国和菲律宾共和国关于南海问题和其他领域合作的磋商联合声明》规定,“有关争议应通过平等和相互尊重基础上的磋商和平友好地加以解决”;“双方承诺循序渐进地进行合作,最终谈判解决双方争议”。此后,中国和菲律宾通过一系列双边文件确认通过双边谈判协商解决南海有关争议的共识,例如:1999年3月23日《中菲建立信任措施工作小组会议联合公报》,2000年5月16日《中华人民共和国政府和菲律宾共和国政府关于21世纪双边合作框架的联合声明》等。

2002年11月4日,中国同东盟10国共同签署《南海各方行为宣言》。各方在《宣言》中郑重承诺:“根据公认的国际法原则,包括1982年《联合国海洋法公约》,由直接有关的主权国家通过友好磋商和谈判,以和平方式解决它们的领土和管辖权争议,而不诉诸武力或以武力相威胁。”

此后,中菲通过一系列双边文件确认各自在《宣言》中作出的郑重承诺,例如:2004年9月3日《中华人民共和国政府和菲律宾共和国政府联合新闻公报》、2011年9月1日《中华人民共和国和菲律宾共和国联合声明》等。

二、中菲之间从未就菲律宾提起仲裁的事项进行过谈判

菲律宾声称,1995年之后中菲两国就菲律宾仲裁请求中提及的事项多次交换意见,但未能解决争端;菲律宾有正当理由认为继续谈判已无意义,因而有权提起仲裁。事实与菲方所述完全相反,迄今为止,中菲两国从未就菲律宾所提仲裁事项进行过谈判。

中菲曾就妥善处理海上争议进行多次磋商,但尚未举行旨在解决有关争议的任何谈判。中国多次向菲律宾提出建立“中菲海上问题定期磋商机制”的建议,但一直未获菲律宾答复。2011年9月1日,双方发表《中华人民共和国和菲律宾共和国联合声明》,再次承诺通过谈判解决有关争议。此后,中国多次向菲律宾建议重启中菲建立信任措施磋商机制,未得到菲律宾任何回应。菲律宾所谓继续谈判没有意义才提起仲裁的说法,毫无根据。

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