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蔡英文当局对日本妥协:不再坚持冲之鸟是“礁”

2016-05-24 10:10:44   观察者网

童振源表示,维系台日友好关系对台湾整体“对外关系”相当重要,台日之间不应对彼此采取任何会增加紧张局势的行动,而应积极展开并累积在海洋事务上的建设性对话与合作,基于维系台日友好关系的共同认知,双方决定在亚东关系协会与交流协会的架构下,尽早成立并启动海洋事务合作对话机制。

虽然国民党也重视“台日关系”——马英九本人就曾在会见日本来访者时,将其定位为“特殊伙伴关系”;虽然国民党也希望通过对话解决渔业纠纷,但马英九当局始终坚持冲之鸟是“礁”非“岛”,认为冲之鸟礁并无200海里专属经济海域。从冲之鸟礁争议,可以一窥民进党当局的亲日程度,一如早前的慰安妇课纲之争。


漫画家老培对慰安妇课纲之争的讽刺漫画,首页图原画亦由老培所作,特此感谢

冲之鸟礁争议

冲之鸟礁位于日本南部、西太平洋海域,东经136度05分,北纬20度25分。日本方面的描述为,“高约1米,由直径仅为数米的两块岩石组成”,中国方面则描述为5块岩石,涨潮前有5块岩石露出水面,涨潮时仅有两块岩石露于海面之上,即东露岩(日本称“东小岛”)和北露岩(日本称“西小岛”),面积分别为1.6m2和6.4m2。

日本方面主张冲之鸟礁是岛屿,并以此为据主张47万平方公里的专属经济区和约25.5万平方公里的外大陆架。自1987年开始围礁造岛,筑起混凝土墙等,通过不断努力,使这个不足10平方米的礁石成为人工“岛”。然而,按照《联合国海洋法公约》规定,要设定专属经济水域必须要以自然形成的陆地为根据,而不是人工筑成的“岛” 。

中国、韩国等国及中国台湾一直认为冲之鸟是岩礁而不是岛屿,冲之鸟礁不能供人类居住,也无法维持经济生活,设定大陆架没有任何根据。根据《联合国海洋法公约》第121款明确界定,岛屿是在涨潮时露出水面的、自然形成的陆地区域,不应把不能维持人类生活的岩礁列入其中,也不应有专属经济区和大陆架。

今年4月底,屏东琉球籍渔船“东圣吉16号”在冲之鸟礁附近公海捕渔,人船遭日本扣押,还强索了170万新台币保证金。此事件引爆了新一轮冲之鸟礁争议。


东圣吉16号

马英九当局对此强烈反应,台湾海巡事务主管部门5月1日启动了护渔行动。马英九6日上午会见日本首相安倍晋三的弟弟、日本众议员岸信夫时,当面高声指出,冲之鸟面积只有9平方米,连他会面的房间1/8不到都不到,是礁不是“岛”。马英九7日还在宴请所有部门负责人时强调,“即使处在政权交接期,当局该做的事,基于台湾的最大利益,都应该全力以赴,立场坚定而明确”。

针对冲之鸟礁问题,外交部发言人华春莹在4月29日的例行记者会上表示,中国对日本自行将冲之鸟礁认定为“岛屿”并据此主张专属经济区和大陆架不予承认。冲之鸟礁是西太平洋上远离日本国土的孤立岩礁。2012年4月,大陆架界限委员会对日本外大陆架划界案作出建议,不认可日本依据冲之鸟礁主张外大陆架。日本自行将冲之鸟礁认定为“岛屿”,并据此主张专属经济区和大陆架,违背《联合国海洋法公约》。中国对日本非法主张不予承认。

责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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