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中方:南海案仲裁庭是一应予拆除的“违法建筑”

2016-05-13 09:52:42   杨依军 国际先驱导报

遗憾的是,仲裁庭却在去年做出了有管辖权的裁决,将中国作为事实上的本案当事一方,指出中国不出席仲裁程序不能剥夺仲裁庭的管辖权。但我想强调的是,仲裁庭自始缺乏依据《公约》组建的合法正当性,自始就缺失管辖权,那么请问,皮之不存,毛将焉附?另外,就仲裁庭的组成和程序而言,还涉嫌违背国际间仲裁的一般程序规则和实践,这方面已有很多学者提出。例如,由当时日本籍的国际海洋法法庭庭长任命仲裁员是否合适?仲裁庭在成立初期曾为避嫌而更换过仲裁员似乎已说明这一问题的敏感性。更为重要的是,中国政府自始就明确反对菲律宾提起本仲裁案, 自始就拒不接受且不参与本案任何仲裁进程,坚持声明中国政府发出的立场文件、递交常设仲裁院的有关信件等在任何意义上均不得被解释为中国参与本案仲裁程序,这已表明对仲裁庭的决绝反对。针对中方这一态度,仲裁庭应当在作出裁决前,审慎地查明对有关争端是否有管辖权,而且查明菲请求在事实上和法律上是否确有根据。但遗憾的是,仲裁员们似乎采取了极不严谨的态度,采取了偏袒菲方的政治立场,滥权扩权。中国不参与本案仲裁程序表面上不会剥夺仲裁庭对南海仲裁案的管辖权,但问题的实质是仲裁庭从一开始就根本不具有管辖权。

事实认定和法律推理错漏百出

Q:仲裁庭对本案的审理还有哪些不公平、不公正的表现?

A:从仲裁庭去年关于管辖权问题的裁决看,仲裁庭一味全盘接受菲律宾的非法无理主张,实际上已沦为菲方的代理人,完全偏离了第三方程序应有的公正立场与审慎品格。从目前态势看,仲裁庭这种基调将会持续下去,所以对其最后的裁决我们不能抱幻想。

仲裁庭在事实认定和法律推理上存在大量漏洞和争议,仲裁庭未对事实和法律进行全面、仔细的审查,毫无客观、公正可言。例如,南沙群岛历来从政治、经济、历史和地理上被视为一个整体,并按照《公约》的规定中国享有南沙群岛的相关权利。然而,仲裁庭无视这一事实,无视中方立场,片面支持菲律宾对南沙群岛的“切割处理”,把中国驻守的岛礁从宏观地理背景中剥离,逐一认定岛礁的权利。但即使从切割角度看,太平岛根据《公约》的有关规定也完全享有法律上的全效力,即有200海里专属经济区,这是不容辩驳的事实,最近,台湾当局就此发表了强有力的资料。菲方在本案中聘请的澳大利亚水文专家几年前曾说,南沙至少有十几个可主张全效力的岛屿,但该专家在被菲雇用后却改变了自己的立场。又如,判定一个海洋地物是岛还是礁,抑或是低潮高地,这与主权和海域划界关系是密不可分的,但仲裁庭却违背一般法理和大量的判例实践,强行割裂它们之间的关系,在此方面,即使是仲裁庭荷兰籍仲裁员艾尔弗雷德·宋斯(Alfred Soons)在数年前也曾明确指出,岛礁可主张的海洋权利是划界不可分割的一部分。

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