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美媒:中国DF-ZF高超音速武器将执行“斩首”任务
中国及其DF-ZF的目标
在过去的一年半时间里,中国进行了六次DF-ZF测试。尽管测试频率并不能决定测试质量,但这也证明中国致力于推进该技术的发展。中国航天科技集团公司是负责高超音速滑翔飞行器的唯一实体机构。将整个项目纳入第十研究所管理的方法,似乎使中国的DF-ZF项目得以迅速发展。与美国不同,据信中国的所有高超音速滑翔飞行器测试都是利用中程弹道导弹运输起竖发射车完成的。这种设计使助推滑翔飞行器能够沿着与传统弹道导弹类似的轨道进入大气层。飞行器重返地球大气层后,可自主返回返层大气。然后停下来,控制速度和高度,再向目标滑翔。据信高超音速滑翔飞行器的上下起伏的轨道,能够迷惑当前的弹道导弹防御系统,因为飞行器不稳定的路线,可以阻止反导系统锁定目标。在东亚拥有可拦截中国高超音速滑翔飞行器的反导系统的国家或地区包括日本、韩国和台湾(均配备有美国提供的爱国者-3导弹)以及拥有本国或进口反导系统的印度、巴基斯坦和俄罗斯。DF-ZF不可预测的飞行路线和可利用多种不同射程导弹发射的特点,说明中国研制高超音速滑翔飞行器的目标就是为了规避弹道导弹防御系统,以免本国发动攻击或防御的能力受到威胁。
有关中国的高超音速滑翔飞行器项目,人们的一大担忧就是这种技术可以应用到常规及核武器之上。在中国第二次(失败的)高超音速滑翔飞行器测试中,飞行器残骸表明其是使用液体燃料发射平台进行的测试。此次测试反驳了有关中国利用东风-21固体燃料火箭为发射平台测试高超音速滑翔飞行器的猜测。然而,此次试验之所以得到了特别关注,是因为这是唯一公开了飞行器组件图片的试验。这次试验非常重要,因为液体燃料发射平台与中国核项目有关。使用液体燃料发射平台,如长征-4C(据信在第二次试验中使用)暗示,中国的DF-ZF,可能包括常规及核应用两种类型。
在高超音速滑翔飞行器项目中,中国的主要目标是使飞行器的飞行速度足够快,并利用这种独特的飞行特性,规避弹道导弹防御系统。十多年来,中国一直对美国在西太平洋部署弹道导弹防御系统的做法表示不满,因为其认为这种系统削弱了中国本就有限的核威慑力量。其他地区国家,例如日本和韩国,也在弹道导弹防御领域投入巨资,使该地区发生任何类型的大规模冲突,都能够对中国的导弹力量构成相当大的挑战,这进一步加大了中国的不安。中国大部分高超音速滑翔飞行器试验都试图实现1750千米射程的目标,试验所用飞行器都是在从位于山西省的太原卫星发射中心发射。这一目标射程强烈暗示,中国的高超音速滑翔飞行器不是在先进程度上不及美国,就是专注于应对地区威胁。如果中国成功研制出了可投入使用的短程高超音速滑翔武器,其针对地区敌对者发动成功的导弹袭击的机会就更高。鉴于中国的战略重点放在地区安全问题上,尤其是发展可击败台湾军事力量的能力之上,短程高超音速滑翔飞行器更能够满足中国的直接需求。
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