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学者:中美“两极”格局渐成 两国难爆发战争

2016-05-03 10:39:50   

我对今后5年中美关系的预测是:由于5月20日蔡英文在台湾上台“执政”,今年下半年中美关系将不如上半年,由于奥巴马将于9月来中国参加G20峰会,因此峰会之后的中美关系将不如峰会之前。明年美国领导人变更后,无论谁上台执政,中美关系都可能是下行趋势。这种趋势可能持续1年左右,2018年中美关系有回升的机会。也就是美国新领导人在当了一年家后,才能体会到中美关系严重恶化对美也不利。

环球时报:中国经济发展虽然减速,但从全球看仍是不错的成绩。照这样的趋势,美国和中国会把其他国家甩得更远。那么,未来世界是向多极还是中美两极方向发展?您曾撰文“说中国世纪还太早”,现在您如何看?

阎学通:依据“道义现实主义”理论,美国之外发达国家经济增长乏力是这些国家的政治领导力出了问题,中美两国在过去几年里同时拉大了与其他大国的综合国力差距,是因为中美两国政治领导力强于那些国家。同理,克林顿政府之后,美国的政治领导力弱化,使中国的政治领导力超过了美国。通过比较两个国家在同一时期的改革内容和力度,就能看出哪国的领导力强。例如,2008年金融危机发生后,在大国应对危机所采取的改革政策中,中国的改革大于美国,美国的改革大于欧洲和日本。我认为,欧洲的衰落并非源于当前的难民问题或经济不景气,而是源于欧盟东扩的错误决策,使其一体化不进反退。

虽然中美两极化的趋势日益明显,但这仅证明中美两国的综合实力差距在缩小,并不意味中国的实力已经超越美国。在中国的综合实力没超越美国之前,不可能出现“中国世纪”。而且,即便中国的综合实力略超美国,也仍是两极格局,仍不会出现“中国世纪”。只有中国成为唯一超级大国时,才可能出现“中国世纪”。我认为,至少20年内不会出现以中国为唯一超级大国的单极格局。

亚太热点:南海和台海可能“深度交叉”

环球时报:当前,南海问题似乎成了中美关系台面上最棘手、也是最具对抗性的问题,这是否会上升为中美关系中长期的结构性矛盾?

阎学通:南海问题在中美之间会成为一个长期矛盾,就像台湾问题一样。我不认为南海问题在短期内会有解决的可能性。而且,这个问题还会在一定时间内变得更加复杂。现在南海问题和台湾问题不交织;蔡英文上台之后,很可能两个问题发生深度交叉,使得问题更难处理。例如,不能排除台湾方面邀请美国在太平岛附近进行联合行动的可能。解决南海问题需要能力,中美都无这种能力,中美在南海的冲突会长期持续。

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