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中国专家:未来美国会对中国说土豪我们做朋友吧

2016-03-10 11:11:43   观察者网

金灿荣:南海问题我估计还会紧张一段时间,但最终会平静下来,中国也将是最后的赢家。王毅外长在记者会上也讲了,“历史终将证明,谁只是匆匆过客,谁才是真正的主人。”这话就很霸气。从历史、法理上来看,我们在南海的主张有依据,当然更关键的是,南海在我们身边,我们在物理上最终掌控的可能性是最大的。但一段时间内美国肯定是不服的,必然要闹一闹。所以未来我们会看到南海在一段时间内依旧处于紧张局势,但是可控的。再有个五年,我们在南海的军事存在会比现在强大很多,那个时候美国绝无胜算。所以从理性分析,最后在南海问题上的力量对比对我们应该是有利的,这也是王毅外长讲这个话的底气吧。

但“各说各话”的状态我估计还会持续很长时间,中美之间在接下来几年会有一些冷对抗,美国会不断秀肌肉,挑动东盟国家与中国对抗,但是只要我们这边稳扎稳打,稳步推进我们的军事存在,最后出现的力量对比对中国是有利的。挑战会一直在那儿,还有可能尖锐化,战术上未来五年我们要好好应对,战略上我们要自信。

记者:南海冲突的背后是中美关系。王毅外长在回答记者提问时也谈到:中美摩擦产生的根源还是美国总有一些人对中国抱有战略疑虑,担心中国有一天会取代美国。您在和美国学界包括政界人物接触时,有没有感受到美国人对中国的这种疑虑?它产生的根源是什么?

金灿荣:倒是没有人当面向我提到这个问题,但从和美国人的言谈之间能隐隐约约感觉到他们的疑虑,他们现在顶多说到这个程度:中国这个国家好像和美国前面三个对手德国、日本和苏联都不一样,德日块头很小,苏联块头大但没有效率,中国是块头又大效率又高,所以他们非常害怕。还有就是他们不能像过去理解对手一样理解中国,无法把握中国的内部习性。规模很大,又搞不清楚你的想法,所以美国人心理阴影挺大的,自然怀疑就非常深。

我个人印象是2010年之后美国对中国的心态有非常大的变化,这一年根据世界银行和IMF的数据,中国GDP超过日本成为世界第二,更重要的是,中国的制造业总量在这一年超过了美国,在我看来这个意义更大。美国二十世纪的三个对手德国、日本、苏联都没有实现制造业总量超过美国,他们国力达到巅峰的时候,制造业只有美国的70%,然后就被美国全面打压下去,但中国在那一年超过了美国。到了2015年,中国的制造业总量大概是美日之和。

我个人特别重视制造业,我认为我们今天的文明本质上还是一个工业文明,工业文明的基础就是制造业,有了强大的制造业,军事上的强大就是迟早的事情,这才有资格去追求世界大国地位。我跟学生讲了,理解五百年世界近代史,关键就是工业化,知识界把近代史搞得很复杂,提出了很多主义,其实核心就是工业化。在工业化以前,西方的军事效率、经济效率都很一般,多数时候还被东方人打败。可是因为历史机缘,西方较早地进行了工业化,经济、军事效率全面反超东方,占据了绝对优势,这是西方崛起的根本。

西方以工业化之力凌驾于世界各国之上,形成了今天西方主导的世界格局,把全世界强行拉入工业文明。大家都进入工业文明之后比的就是制造业能力,现在全世界90%的制造业集中在北温带三个地区,分别是西欧、北美和东亚。中国是东亚的核心国家,原来是亚洲四小龙和日本证明我们东亚文明有发展制造业的能力,现在中国大陆也能进行工业化,这个是新的变化。

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