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然而令人哭笑不得的是,美国军政各部门在行动协调上出现了问题,反倒帮了中国一把。“拉森”号逼近渚碧礁的事件后,美国参议员麦凯恩要求国防部公布细节,原因是“拉森”号可能是无害通过了渚碧礁周围的12海里区域。如前文所说,美国要想达到否定“渚碧礁周围12海里”的目的,就不能无害通过;如果无害通过了,反而是变相承认了中国在这一海域是有领海的的。根据媒体报道,五角大楼在这一问题上给出了互相矛盾的描述。一名美国军方官员曾表示,“拉森”号的巡逻是“无害通过”行动,但之后称这是错误说法。总之,美国的行动很有可能并未达到预期的外交效果。
然而这一次事件却给我们了一个警示。特别是中国正处在人工吹填或其他作业的低潮高地和岩礁,不论在地理上还是法理上都是很脆弱的,因此将很有可能成为美国FON项目军事宣示的另外一类重要目标。因此从法律的角度看,不利于中国的低潮高地(人工岛),应尽量避免任何可能表明“主权拥有与否”的外交表述,即延续一贯的“模糊政策”。但这不意味着在法理上中国将无所作为,而是可以灵活运用。例如根据公约第60条,在我国在低潮高地上设置的人工岛及其他设施周边划定500米的安全带,并部署必要的力量进行保护作业;当美军执行FON项目的舰只驶入12海里时,我国的舰只跟踪并根据公约第60条第4款,表明自身正在以适当方式保护该设施,建议美军舰只改变方向以免发生碰撞。总之,依据公约中国完全可以在事先削弱美国行动的法理基础,从而在舆论和政治斗争中夺回部分主动权
孙子兵法有云:“无恃其不来,恃吾有以待也;无恃其不攻,恃吾有所不可攻也。”中国不应寄希望于美国人每一次都犯错,而应从舆论、法理、军事、政治和技术等多方面做好准备。只有在将国家的各种实力,从技术和军事实力到法律和政治力量结合起来,才能在南海问题上反制美国的霸权主义之“划圈”。
责任编辑:张海潮 CM013
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