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至今仍然有很多人都说,苏联所谓“伟大的卫国战争”,结局虽然是光荣的,但是过程却比我们想象得还要狼狈。其实早在1941年6月苏德战争爆发之前,苏联无论是从军队规模还是武器装备上,丝毫都不逊色于德军。然而包括政治因素在内的许多原因导致战争初期的苏军作战素质低下、指挥官无能,甚至在当时还有不少苏军高级将领反对喀秋莎火箭炮的研发和生产,认为火炮需要用马车牵引。

当然,军队的低能直接导致一系列战役的失败,其中有一场战役,苏军的表现可谓是丢人到家了。
1941年6月22日凌晨,德军突然对苏军西方特别军区的26个军用机场展开袭击,当场摧毁苏军飞机738架。同时,德军第3装甲集群从苏瓦乌基出发,经过苏军防御盲区,向明斯克方向推进。另一方面,德军第2装甲集群从华沙东方出发,绕过布列斯特要塞,从另一个方向包围明斯克。虽然苏军做了一定的抵抗和反击,但最终仍以狼狈撤离收场。此役,德军共俘获苏军约32.4万人,缴获坦克3332辆、火炮1809门。
明斯克战役被视为德军闪电战与迂回战术结合的经典战例,明斯克战役后,苏联第三大城市、乌克兰首都基辅便露在德军的兵锋之下。不过,基辅的情况比明斯克好得多,该城为苏联重要的军事基地,还屯有大量粮食、物资,驻有精锐的西南方面军超过100万人,武器装备先进齐全,装甲部队规模庞大。苏军高层对保卫基辅保持乐观态度,另一方面,基辅的政治意义也决定了苏军不得不拼死守住。

基辅战役
然而此时,苏军高层却出现了不同的声音。斯大林曾多次召开会议,听取基辅的防御计划。然而时任苏军总参谋长的朱可夫敏锐地发现,德军的部署与数月前的明斯克战役如出一辙。基辅守军虽然如同一块钢板,但一旦被德军迂回包抄,切断与后方的联系,在补给中断的情况下被合围,百万军队会不攻自乱。经过全方位的考虑后,朱可夫建议斯大林放弃基辅,撤出西南方面军,保留实力。
此言一出,在苏联高层看来如同“一派胡言”,朱可夫也因此被降职指挥预备部队。1941年7月7日,德军装甲部队果然从基辅东、南两个方向快速推进。德军坦克轻、快的特点发挥得淋漓尽致,当基辅守军的最高指挥官布琼尼元帅发现时,冯·克莱斯特率领的德国第2装甲集群与古德里安的第3装甲集群已经在基辅东方约200公里的洛赫维察地区完成了会师。此时,百万苏军如同瓮中之鳖,局势非常不利。
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