翻拍片的“翻身”之路:文本改写与文化融合

2019-01-24 10:29:07    文汇报

国产翻拍电影通常选择犯罪、爱情、惊悚、喜剧这几种类型的作品,从电影产业发达的几个国家(美国、法国、日本、韩国等)的类型生产状况来看,恰恰也是这几种类型被生产得较多,说明这几种类型受众更广、更适合跨文化传播、也更容易被移植到其他国家的电影产业环境与文化传播语境中。

另一些类型由于文化差异、观影习惯、经济技术的现状等,很难被移植,比如科幻类型,出于技术上的原因,除了好莱坞,在其他国家比较少。当然,这种情况也并非一成不变,随着社会经济、文化的发展,有一些类型可能逐渐被接受并且传播。总体而言,戏剧冲突强烈的强情节电影,更容易被翻拍。

如何翻拍?

   在细节上下功夫,消除文化与社会差异带来的陌生感与异质性

然而,一种特定的类型被移植(翻拍)到其他国家,需要在保留原作故事的基础上,根据这一国家的经济发展状况、社会现实、文化语境、观众欣赏习惯等,对其进行某种本土化的改写,特别是要在很多细节上下功夫,才能让观众认同一个外来的故事,使其更容易获得广泛的传播。

比如根据文化差异与价值观差异,重新设置人物形象与人物性格,构思人物关系。《来电狂响》在保留了原作戏剧冲突的同时,呈现了中国式亲密关系的几种典型,以此表现中国人的婚姻观与两性观,与原作的夫妻关系完全不一样。比如貌合神离、明明已经离婚却在众人面前伪装和睦的夫妻。比如丈夫工作妻子当家庭主妇的典型中国式家庭,缺乏基本的沟通交流,也因为经济状况形成夫妻的不平等地位。第三对是软饭男与白富美,则代表基于经济考量而结合的一类群体。由马丽饰演的女强人笑笑身上,则纳入了大龄单身、职场性骚扰等社会话题。

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