老北京冬日街头美食之“栗子味儿的烤白薯”

2018-12-27 09:33:51    北京日报

北京何时有的烤白薯,史籍未见确切记载,相传是从山东传到北京的。据《华夏美食大观》和《济南民俗》记载:清乾隆年间的一个初冬时节,乾隆皇帝与大臣纪昀、护卫素伦等扮成商贾,微服巡访到鲁西南重镇济宁,夜宿平阴县城(今属济南)。晚上众人随乾隆皇帝到平阴城西关帝庙巡游,忽然闻到一阵香甜的味道,于是寻味来到一个小吃摊前,但见摊主正从一泥炉中取出烤熟的地瓜,那滚烫的地瓜香气袭人。纪昀连忙买了一块送与乾隆皇帝品尝。此时天气寒冷,乾隆皇帝将烤地瓜捧在手里顿感热乎乎的。他剥开地瓜皮儿,露出金黄色、软绵绵、热腾腾的瓜瓤,只吃了几口就连声称好,并请一行人都尝一尝。卖烤地瓜的摊主姓张,家中几年前开始种植地瓜,他的烤地瓜摊在平阴独此一家。吃过张老汉的烤地瓜后,乾隆皇帝赞叹不已,遂令其再烤些送至行馆,以备食用,并令平阴知县丁继先在次年立冬之时,派张老汉携地瓜进京,从此烤白薯便成了御用美食。

清末民初,烤白薯的摊贩开始出现在京城的街头巷尾,其从业者多来自山东、直隶各县。清末富察敦崇所著《燕京岁时记》称:“京师食品亦有关于时令,(农历)十月以后,则有栗子、白薯等物。”民国年间文人张醉丐曾为烤白薯绘画配写过一首打油诗:“白薯经霜用火煨,沿街叫卖小车推;儿童食品平民化,一块铜钱售几枚。热腾腾的味甜香,白薯居然烤得黄;利觅蝇头夸得计,始知小贩为穷忙。”民国时的另一位文人徐霞村所著的《北平的巷头小吃》中也提到烤白薯,并将烤白薯的特点概括为“肥、透、甜”三个字。肥,是选用那种圆乎乎、皮薄、肉厚实的白薯烤制;透,说的是烤白薯的手艺,不能生心也不能烤糊、烤干了;甜,就是甘甜且不腻,越吃越香,令人爱不释手。

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