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勃列日涅夫时代:在笑话中和苏联一起陷入泥潭

2016-05-31 16:56:55   国家人文历史

到底有多少人被第五局诬蔑迫害成精神病人?由于打着保护病人隐私的旗号,普通人并不清楚其规模和受害者姓名。但可以从克格勃的报告中见到一些端倪:1967年,克格勃主席安德罗波夫和总检察长鲁坚科联名给苏共政治局打报告,称在全苏各地都发生了“闻所未闻”的挑衅苏维埃政权案件……这些案件是如此之多,以至于“精神病院不够用了”,因此他们坚决要求中央“至少拨给他们(劳改营管理总局)5所精神病院!”这种疯狂的政治精神病直到1988年才正式终止,而克格勃手中的精神病院已经多达16所,一次性被摘掉精神病帽子的就有80万人之多!

除了将看不惯的人送到“精神病院”之外,对于一些名气较大的人物,第五局则采取流放或者驱逐出境的措施,比如著名作家索尔仁尼琴,第五局在1974年2月13日直接将其押上飞机驱逐出境。而对于一些“小虾米”,第五局则是进行威胁性的“预防警告”。光1967年到1970年3年之中,克格勃第五局的就对58298人进行了预防警告,平均约每天53人(全国范围),而20世纪70年代后频率更高,1971年到1974年同样3年之中,第五局对63108人进行了预防警告。

在克格勃第五局的严厉监制和压迫之下,苏联成了一座压抑心灵的大监狱,正如笑话所讲,在克格勃监听和思想控制下,谁也不敢表露心声,谁也不敢得罪克格勃这个权力无限的机关,但也绝不会有人会喜欢它。就在克格勃在政治地位高升的同时,它已经在人民心目中堕落为最讨厌的机关了。

4、不允许正直克格勃的存在

勃列日涅夫统治后期,由于苏共高层的腐败已经深入骨髓,大案奇案频出,只有想不到,没有做不到,整个苏联社会已经完全成了笑话的世界。1980年的鱼子酱走私案就是如此,一名克格勃人员偶然买到了一批鲱鱼罐头,打开之后发现里面装的居然是价格昂贵的鱼子酱。大吃一惊的侦查人员经过调查,结果揭发出一起严重的走私案:以渔业部副部长、渔业生产销售管理局副局长为首的官员,伙同涉及苏联外贸部、食品工业部、太平洋舰队、莫斯科、索契等地领导,将索契和阿斯特拉罕的鱼子酱装入贴有鲱鱼标签的罐头走私到国外,然后牟取高额差价,猖獗的走私活动居然持续了长达十余年之久,涉案人员高达300人之多。此案最后也只是以负责人调职而不了了之。

其实,鱼子酱走私案只是冰山一角,此时的苏联已经从根子上烂掉,就连第五局也无法挽救了。况且就算是克格勃本身也好不到哪里去,叛逃、走私、参与黑社会犯罪等各种丑闻频出。而更可悲的是,如果在克格勃中还有坚持原则的人,那么他自己反而没有什么好下场。

1981年12月,莫斯科的演艺圈接连发生两起影响恶劣的重大刑事案件:12月11日,著名演员卓娅·费多洛娃在家中被害;12月30日,著名的马戏团驯虎女郎伊琳娜·布格林莫娃家失窃,许多贵重的珠宝钻石被窃。案件侦破很快,因为4天之后的1982年1月3日,海关在莫斯科截获了一名叫作鲍里斯·布里亚采的人,在他身上发现了伊琳娜·布格林莫娃家被窃的珠宝。但随着调查的深入,案件性质变得越来越严重,调查人员不仅在布里亚采家搜出了许多来历不明的珠宝,还发现他和卓娅·费多洛娃被害案件有千丝万缕的关系。于是,案件被移交给克格勃第一副主席谢苗·库兹米奇·茨维贡负责处理。这桩“珠宝走私案”真相迅速被查清,布里亚采是勃列日涅夫女儿加琳娜的情夫,在他周围有一个“克里姆林宫子女”的圈子,他们疯狂倒卖走私黄金、古董和钻石。布格林莫娃和费多洛娃都是这个团伙中的一员,费多洛娃之所以被害,是因为她掌握了太多团伙犯罪证据而被灭口。

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