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飞夺泸定桥不但要“能飞”,还要“敢夺”。泸定桥桥长103米,宽3米,13根碗口粗的铁索固定在两岸桥台落井里,9根作底链,4根分两侧作扶手。桥下湍急的大渡河水在陡峭狭窄的缝隙中奔腾。红军赶到时,桥上只剩下光溜溜的几根铁索,上面的木板被拆得七零八落。这样一座铁索桥,别说要在枪林弹雨中夺过来,就是走过去也让人不寒而栗。因此,有人质疑,凭借泸定桥这样的“一夫当关,万夫莫开”的天险,有备之敌为什么会战败?这是因为,红军没有退路,夺占泸定桥是唯一选项。面对困难,红军战士勇往直前,义无反顾,22位勇士组织成突击梯队,攀着桥栏踏着铁索向对岸冲;其他部队跟在后面,边冲锋边铺木板。突击队员刚冲到东桥头,敌人就放起火来,东桥头顿时被熊熊大火包围。红军勇士奋不顾身冲进大火,穿过滚滚浓烟,展开生死搏斗,敌人最终丢桥溃逃。
红军能夺桥不是靠“默契”
有人认为,红军战士之所以能够飞夺泸定桥,是因为与川军达成了某种“默契”,守桥的刘文辉部队才没有炸掉铁索。事实是这样的吗?
中央红军行至四川后,与其作战的四川军阀部队主要是刘湘和刘文辉部。为阻中央红军入川,川军在与红军作战中展现出来的战斗力并不弱于蒋介石的中央军。远征的中央红军集中主力部队在与刘湘部队土城、叙永两次作战均未能取得胜利,临时决定转变作战方向,这才有了后来的四渡赤水和巧渡金沙江的作战。即便是实力逊于刘湘的另一个四川军阀刘文辉军队,对红军也严加防堵,中央红军对其部刘元瑭部死守的会理城,围攻近一星期也未能突破其防线。
红军抢占安顺场后,刘文辉命令袁国瑞率第4旅火速增援泸定桥。蒋介石曾令刘文辉炸桥。刘文辉之所以未炸,是因为泸定桥是连接川藏的唯一通道,把桥炸了会激起民愤,而且自己的部队也没有了退路,何况炸桥之后重修代价太大。为应付蒋介石,他提出了另一替代办法:如守不住就用煤油烧桥,事实上其部队在泸定桥也是这么做的。
因此,红军能夺下泸定桥,并不是靠川军的所谓“默契”,而是靠出色的战役指挥和各部队的密切配合,靠红军指战员敢于牺牲、敢于胜利的大无畏战斗精神。用聂荣臻的话说:我们和国民党的斗争,常常是棋高一着,出敌意外。这是因为我们是中国共产党领导的工农红军,有敌人根本不能和我们相比的政治素质和机动灵活的战术素养,特别是我军指挥员那种无限忠于党、忠于人民、忠于中国革命的伟大的牺牲精神,所以有时能绝处逢生,再开得胜之旗,重结必胜之果。
(作者为《中国军事科学》编辑)
责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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