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韩国围棋如何从中日夹缝中崛起?
2016-03-10 10:19:44 澎湃新闻 郭晔旻
二战结束之后的1945年11月,年纪不过22岁的赵南哲以日本棋院初段的身份引火种回国,心怀“棋道报国”信念首次开办“汉城棋院”,其宗旨是:“一、为将来的国际比赛废止巡将围棋,以现代围棋代替。二、禁止赌棋,作为健全的国民娱乐进行普及。三、努力把棋院发展成类似日本棋院的机构。”十年之间,先后经历十一次搬家,改四次名称,其间又经历了朝鲜战争战火洗礼,赵南哲终于在1954年创立社团法人韩国棋院。
彼时的韩国棋手只能把茶馆酒楼作为自己的活动场所,棋手们只能下点赌彩棋维持生计,在这种情况下没有更多的人愿意下棋,当然也没有人愿意教棋。赵南哲自承,“韩国围棋界大概熬了十年的苦日子。那时候我在手推车装上棋盘到处去普及,和现在早晨卖蔬菜的没有什么两样。”就在这样一穷二白的处境下,韩国现代围棋走上了正轨,废除巡将围棋、确立段位制度、开展新闻棋战。当时韩国的段位津贴少得可怜,“初段1000韩元,二段2000韩元,三段3000韩元……这些钱也就能喝一盅烧酒”,一开始,还是赵南哲掏了自己腰包发放了段位津贴。
为了在韩国推广现代围棋,赵南哲坚持“普及围棋不能套用日本的围棋用语,必须用我们的语言进行改造”,遂一边翻译日本用语,一边又自己创造词汇,推出了韩国围棋界的名著《围棋概论》。随后,《围棋概论》引起了巨大反响,使韩国围棋人口直线上升。
长期而艰巨的努力终究获得回报。1985年1月1日,韩国媒体在光复四十周年之际评选了引领韩国发展的百人,赵南哲赫然在列。三年之后,世界性的围棋比赛问世,在首届应氏杯决赛中,韩国棋院的曹薰铉以3:2击败聂卫平获得冠军,宣告韩国围棋已然崛起而与中日形成鼎足之势,世纪之交,甚至有韩国媒体自诩为“世界围棋最强国”。可以说,这一切都离不开“筚路蓝缕,以启山林”的赵南哲。(文/郭晔旻)
责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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