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晚清名医现形记:历史就是少了一个针筒

2016-01-21 09:05:32   新周刊 文/李夏恩

但杜在按完脉后,却得出了一个让病人家属大为惊诧的结论,这个人的病有救,但必须要按照他开的方子来治。而他开出的药方更让病人全家大惊失色:病人明明“面红肿如火”,而他却开出了十全大补汤,还加上干姜、附子这样的大热大补之药。杜坚持己见,一副“爱用不用”的态度,病人家属终于屈服,当然也是抱着死马当活马医的心态姑且一试。

这是一场生死豪赌,但最终的结果如杜钟骏所预料的那样,药到病除。杜钟骏也因为这个起死回生的医案而声名大噪,就像晚清的许多医生同道一样,他开始踏足官场,为自己的行医事业更添上一顶功名的帽子。

1908年,他已经成为浙江巡抚冯汝骙幕中的节署文书,这是一个最接近权力中心的位置,晚清的很多督抚大员都是从幕宾文书起家一路直上的,但就在此时,他突然被冯保荐入京,为身罹重病的光绪皇帝治病。

从一开始,杜就把这个差事当成一份苦差,毫无为龙体把脉的荣耀感,反而更添了许多忧惧。为这样的非普通病人诊脉,要时时小心不要触碰忌讳:“皇太后恶人说皇上肝郁,皇上恶人说自己肾亏”。“肝郁”和“肾亏”这种被忌讳提起的病名恰恰证明了早已流传坊间的宫中秘闻:从1898年戊戌政变之后,皇帝就一直被皇太后幽禁,囚徒心境,自然很容易患上“肝郁”之病,而“肾亏”则暗示皇帝生殖能力有问题,不由得让人联想到宫内外一直谣诼纷纷的“废帝另立”之说。

宫中的三个月,对杜来说,也许抵得上他行医经历的三十年。三十年前,他冒险使用大热大补的猛药救活了一个命在旦夕之人,而三十年后,面对同样一个缠绵于生死之间的病人,杜却感到手足无措,他和他的医生同道,唯一能指望的,只有“生脉散”的奇迹发生。

运气:练成“名医”的不二法门

就在杜钟骏和他的医生同道满心想着如何脱离宫中火海的时候,一本名为《医界镜》的小册子,在嘉兴的一家名为“同源祥”的小书庄里刊印发行。这书里提到一个和杜钟骏一样入宫为慈禧太后诊病的外省名医冯植斋。

与杜钟骏时时处于惊慌之中不同,冯植斋得益于他的同乡——文名、医术双双名满天下的陆润庠侍郎。陆向冯面授机宜,举出前朝咸丰年间外省入宫名医潘霨的例子,潘自恃医术高明,所以预先没有用使费探听皇太后的病情,结果遭到内监呵斥戏弄。唯一幸运的是,潘开的方子药没煎好,太后就晏驾了,“假使延迟数刻,服了潘公的方药,太后方崩,其罪必加在潘公一人身上矣”。

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