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陈丹燕:旅行文学,在“游记”之外

2016-03-21 09:47:50   晶报

说到维也纳,大多数不曾亲见过这座城市的国人第一时间想到的地标建筑,大概就是金色大厅了。其实岂止是这座著名的音乐建筑,整个维也纳城都是金色的。建筑师们在遍布这座城市大街小巷的建筑物上留下了无数闪闪发光的金色饰纹:“维也纳是我身处过的,最让我想得到情欲的城市,让我想起童真时代排山倒海般的性的冲动。”这篇散文就这样被命名为“金色”。

在这座奥匈帝国曾经的首都,博物馆里金箔中哈布斯堡末年的本地女子如此香艳,分离派的维也纳艺术家宣称:艺术是自由的,艺术是时尚的。而在当年的皇宫,马车经过高大的门洞,发出响亮的车轱辘声,“盛装的马车夫雪白的硬领在门洞里泛出白色,”仿佛时代从未更替。

在南德意志,则是另一片天地。天是那么的蓝,据说是全世界最好看的天空。那里的教堂特别多,人也显得很实诚,连患上在德国人中常见的忧郁症的比例,都低了许多。作者在慕尼黑房东家吃到了平生第一顿最正式的巴伐利亚午餐:“沉甸甸的肉块,沉甸甸的土豆,黏稠的褐色肉汁。吃东西的时候,他们大多时候是安静的,专心致志的。”甚至连盘子里剩下的一点点肉汁都要用黑面包擦干净吃到嘴里。那种实在很容易令旅客安下心来,进入“过平常日子”的状态,这正好是一个“旅行文学”的读者期待进入的文字空间。

很早的时候读过陈丹燕的一篇散文,印象最深的是,她说自己只愿意在咖啡馆写作,到了别的地方就没了灵感。所以毫不奇怪,陈丹燕最早的旅行作品就是关于这个主题的《咖啡苦不苦》。犹记得这本书15年前初版时,坊间谈咖啡还挺稀奇的。这次再版,比原先增加了不少篇幅,可能是作者当年出书后才到访的几家咖啡馆。这里只说伊斯坦布尔的“君子们”咖啡馆,和旧金山俄罗斯移民区卖一种加了很多糖霜的传统俄罗斯点心的咖啡馆。

现代人一般喝欧式咖啡,即过滤咖啡,而土耳其咖啡则是一种保留着咖啡渣、口味也并不浓郁的咖啡。怀想咖啡在全世界传播的历史,伊斯坦布尔是一座无论如何都无法忽略的城市:在这里,咖啡才第一次摆脱了单纯的药用价值,成为风靡奥斯曼帝国的饮料;也是在这里,咖啡终于有机会被欧洲人赏识,走出伊斯兰世界,成为全世界最广为人知的消遣品;后来在维也纳开出欧洲第一家咖啡馆的波兰人,也是因为到过伊斯坦布尔,深深为这种饮品的魅力吸引,最终冒险将这一风尚引入了欧洲——彼时人们称它为“伊斯兰酒”。而对陈丹燕本人和那些喜欢说“我不在咖啡馆,就在去咖啡馆的路上”的读者来说,最令人印象深刻的,大概是那些遍布伊斯坦布尔大街小巷的咖啡馆曾经的模样:座位旁总会放着许多书,人们把这里当作书房兼客厅,小说家在这里埋头写作,度过一整天的时光,诗人在此结识新欢、酝酿激情,革命者在这里运筹帷幄、规划蓝图……

在旧金山,陈丹燕偶然闯入了一家咖啡馆,却意外勾连出一段距离自己既近又远的沧桑往事:上海襄阳路上的东正教堂就在陈丹燕家附近,20年代经新疆、敦煌等地一路逃亡至此的白俄们自己出资建造了这座教堂。在陈丹燕儿时,多数人已移民旧金山的这个社区,开始了新的生活,教堂外墙上曾经悬挂的令人赞叹不已的圣像也被迁往旧金山一座新建造的社区教堂。如今,陈丹燕来到大洋彼岸,看到那座自己曾天天经过的教堂之“后身”,还有幸被特许拍摄那些差不多与自己擦肩而过的圣像,感受到人生的奇妙缘分。

其实很多时候,生活之中那些可遇不可求的、看似不可思议的巧合和机缘,也许恰恰是命运给予出门旅行者的最大惊喜,很可能,它也构成了人们旅行的意义。对陈丹燕这样愿意与人分享的资深背包客如此,对你我这样的普通人不也一样吗?

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