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贾平凹新作:“我让那个被拐来的女子唠叨”

2016-01-21 09:55:30   

他们的话使我想到佛经上的开篇语:如我所闻。嗨,真是如我所闻,它让我思索了诸多问题,人格理想是什么,如何积累性、群体性的理想过程,又怎样建构文学中的我的个体?记得那一夜我又在读苏轼,忽然想,苏轼应该最能体现中国人格理想吧,他的诗词文赋书法绘画又应该最能体现他的人格理想吧。于是就又想到了戏曲里的“小生”的角色。中国人的哲学和美学在戏曲里是表现的最充分的,为什么设这祥的角色:净面无须,内敛吞声,硬朗俊秀,玉树临风?而《红楼梦》里贾宝玉又恰是这样,《三国演义》中的诸葛亮,《水浒》中的宋江,《西游记》中的唐僧也大致是这样,这类雌雄同体的人物的塑造反映了中国人的一种什么样的审美,暴露了这个民族文化基因的什么样的秘密?还是那个苏轼吧,他的诗词文赋书法绘画无一不能,能无不精,世人都爱他,但又有多少人能理解他?他的一生经历了那么多艰难不幸,而他的所有文字里竟没有一句激愤和尖刻。他是超越了苦难、逃避、辩护,领悟到了自然和生命的真谛而大自在着,但他那些超越后的文字直到今日还被认为是虚无的消极的,最多说到是坦然和乐观。真是圣贤多寂寞啊!我们弄文学的,尤其在这个时候弄文学,社会上总有非议我们的作品里阴暗的东西太多,批判的主题太过。大转型期的社会有太多的矛盾、冲突、荒唐、焦虑,文学里当然就有太多的揭露、批判、怀疑、追问,生在这个年代就生成了作家的这样的品种,这样品种的作家必然就有了这样品种的作品。却又想,我们的作品里,尤其小说里,写恶的东西都能写到极端,而写善却从未写到极致?很久很久以来了,作品的一号人物总是苍白,这是什么原因呢?由此,我在读一些史书时又搞不懂了,为什么秦人尚黑色,战国时期的秦军如虎狼,穿黑甲,举黑旗,狂风暴雨般的,呼啸而来灭了六国,又呼啸而去,二世为终。看电视里报导的画面,中东的伊斯兰国也是黑布蒙面黑袍裹身,黑旗摇荡,狂风暴雨般地掠城夺地。而二十世纪的中国,中华民国的旗是红色的,上有白日,中华人民共和国更是红色,上有五星,这就又尚红。那么,黑色红色与一个民族的性格是什么关系呢,文化基因里是什么样的象征呢?

2014年的漫长冬季,我一直在做着写《极花》的准备,脑子里却总是混乱不清。直到2015年春天过去了,夏天来了,我才开始动笔。我喜欢在夏天里写作,我不怕热,似乎我是一个热气球,越热越容易飞起来。我在冬天里乱七八糟的想法,无法完成于我的新作里,或许还不是这一个《极花》里,但我闻到了一种气息,也会把这种气息带进来,这如同妇女们在怀孕时要听音乐,好让将来的孩子喜欢唱歌,要在卧室里贴上美人图,好让将来的孩子能长得漂亮。又如同一般人在脖子上挂块玉牌,能与神灵接通,拳击手在身上纹了兽头,能更强悍凶猛。这个《极花》中的极花,也是冬虫夏草,它在冬天里是小虫子,而且小虫子眠而死去,在夏天里长草开花,要想草长得旺花开得艳,夏天正是好日子。

我开始写了,其实不是我在写,是我让那个可怜的叫着胡蝶的被拐卖来的女子在唠叨。她是个中学毕业生,似乎有文化,还有点小资意味,爱用一些成语,好像什么都知道,又什么都不知道,就那么在唠叨。

她是给谁唠叨?让我听着?让社会听着?这个小说,真是个小小的说话,不是我在小说,而是她在小说。我原以为这是要有四十万字的篇幅才能完的,却十五万字就结束了。兴许是这个故事并不复杂,兴许是我的年纪大了,不愿她说个不休,该用减法而不用加法。十五万字好呀,试图着把一切过程都隐去,试图着逃出以往的叙述习惯,它成了我最短的一个长篇,竞也让我喜悦了另一种的经验和丰收。

面对着不足三百页的手稿,我给自己说:真是的,生在那儿就决定了你。如瓷,景德镇的是青花,尧头(在陕西澄县)出黑轴。我写了几十年,是那么多的题材和体裁,写来写去,写到这一个,也只是写了我而已。

但是,小说是个什么东西呀,它的生成既在我的掌控中,又常常不受我的掌控,原定的《极花》是胡蝶只是要控诉,却怎么写着写着,肚子里的孩子一天复一天,日子磊起来,成了兔子,胡蝶一天复一天地受苦,也就成了又一个麻子婶,成了又一个謍米姐。小说的生长如同匠人在庙里用泥巴捏神像,捏成了匠人就得跪下拜,那泥巴成了神。

2015年7月15日的上午,我记着这一日,十五万字划上了句号,天劈哩吧啦下雨,一直下到傍晚。这是整个夏天最厚的一场雨,我在等着外出的家人,思绪如尘一样乱钻,突然就想两句古人的诗。

一句是:沧海何尝断地脉,半崖从此破天荒。

一句是:乐意相关禽对语,生香不断树交花。

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