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贾平凹新作:“我让那个被拐来的女子唠叨”

2016-01-21 09:55:30   

这何尝不也是这个年代的故事昵?

但是,这个故事,我十年里一个字都没有写。怎么写呢?写我那个老乡的女儿如何被骗上了车,当她发觉不对时竭力反抗,又如何被殴打,被强暴,被威胁着要毁容,要割去肾脏,以及人贩子当着她的面和买主讨价还价?写她的母亲在三年里如何哭瞎了眼睛,父亲听说到山西的一个小镇是人贩子的中转站,为了去打探女儿消息,就在那里的砖瓦窑上干了一年苦力,终于有了线索,连夜跑一百里山路,潜藏在那个村口两天三夜?写他终于与女儿相见,为了缓解矛盾,假装认亲,然后再返回西安,给派出所提供了准确地点,派出所又以经费不足的原因让他筹钱,他又如何在收捡破烂时偷卖了三个下水盖被抓去坐了六个月的牢?写解救时全村人如何把他们围住,双方打斗,派出所的人伤了腿,他头破血流,最后还是被夺去了孩子?写他女儿回到了城市,如何受不了舆论压力,如何思念孩子,又去被拐卖的那个地方?我实在是不想把它写成一个纯粹的拐卖妇女儿童的故事。这个年代中国发生的案件太多太多,别的案件可能比拐卖更离奇和凶残,比如上访,比如家暴,比如恐怖袭击,黑恶势力。我关注的是城市在怎样地肥大了而农村在怎样地凋蔽着,我老乡的女儿被拐卖到的小地方到底怎样,那里坍塌了什么,流失了什么,还活着的一群人是懦弱还是强狠,是可怜还是可恨,是如富士山一样常年驻雪的冰冷,还是它仍是一座活的火山。

这件事如此丰富的情节和如此离奇的结局,我曾经是那样激愤,又曾经是那样悲哀,但我写下了十页、百页、数百页的文字后,我写不下去,觉得不自在。我还是不了解我的角色和处境呀,我怎么能写得得心应手?拿碗在瀑布下接水,能接到吗?!我知道我的秉性是双筷子,什么都想尝尝,我也知道我敏感,我的屋子里一旦有人来过,我就能闻出来,就像蚂蚁能闻见糖的所在。于是我得重新再写,这个故事就是稻草呀,捆了螃蟹就是螃蟹的价,我怎么能拿了去捆韭菜?

现在小说,有太多的写法,似乎正兴时一种用笔很狠地、很极端地叙述。这可能更合宜于这个年代的阅读吧,但我却就是不行。我一直以为我的写作与水墨画有关,以水墨而文学,文学是水墨的。坦白地讲,我自幼就写字呀画画,喜欢着水墨,在上个世纪八十年代,我的文学的最初营养,一方面来自中国戏曲和水墨画的审美,一方面来自西方现代美术的意识,以后的几十年里,也都是在这两方面纠结着拿捏着,做我文学上的活儿。如今,上几辈人写过的乡土,我几十年写过的乡土,发生巨大改变,习惯了精神栖息的田园已面目全非。虽然我们还企图寻找,但无法找到,我们的一切努力也将是中国人最后的梦呓。在陕西,有人写了这样一个文章,写他常常怀念母亲,她母亲是世上擀面最好的人。文章发表后,许多人给他来信,都在说:世上擀面最好的人是我妈!我也是这样,但凡一病,躺在床上了,就极想吃我母亲做的饭,可母亲去世多年了,再没有人能做出那种味道了。就在我常常疑惑我的小说写什么怎么写的时候,我总是抽身去一些美术馆逛逛,参加一些美术的学术会议,竟然受益颇多,于是回来都做笔记,有些是我的感悟,有些是高人的言论。就在我重新写这个故事前,一次在论坛上,我记下了这样一段话。

当今的水墨画要呈现今天的文化、社会和审美精神的动向,不能漠然于现实,不能躲开它。和其他艺术一样,也不能否认人和自然,个体和社会,自我和群体之间关系的基本变化。假如你今天还是画花鸟山水人物,似乎这两百年的剧烈的,根本的,彻底的变化没有发生,那么你的作品是脱离时代的装饰品。不过水墨画不是一个直接反映这些变化的艺术方式,不是一种社会现象,不能为任何主义或概念服务。中国二十世纪的水墨的弱点在于它是一个社会现象,不是一个艺术现象,或更多是社会现象少是艺术现象。水墨对现代是什么意思?跟其他当代艺术方式比的话,水墨画有什么独特性?水墨的本质是写意,什么是写意,通过艺术的笔触,展现艺术家长期的艺术训练和自我修养凝结而成的个人才气,这是水墨画的本质精髓。写意既不是理性的,又不是非理性的,但它是真实的,不是概念。艺术家对自己、感情、社会、政治、宗教的体验与内心的修养互相纠缠,形成不可分割的整体,成为内在灵魂的载体。西方“自我”是原子化个体的自我,中国文化中是人格,人格理想,这个东西带有群体性和积累性。在西方现当代艺术发展过程中,纯粹个体的心理发泄是主要的创作动力,这是现代主义绘画包括后现代主义的观念艺术和装置艺术主要源泉。而在中国,动力是另一个,就是对人格理想的建构,而且是对积累性的,群体性的人格理想的建构。但它不是只完善自我,是在这个群体性、积累性的理想过程中建构个体的自我。

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