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上海出版业“黄金时代”因二战终结

2016-07-08 12:13:40   

■ 《二战中的上海》出版 早报记者专访学者周武谈战时上海出版业的艰难时日

1930年代初的商务印书馆上海总馆,当时是全国最大的出版社之一。

1932年1月29日,日军轰炸商务印书馆,46万册珍贵古籍付之一炬。

《二战中的上海》书封

1920-1930年代,全国规模最大、实力最强的五大书局都集中在上海。其中商务、中华、世界三大书局的出版物册数占全国出版物总册数的60%以上。

上海自清季以来就一直是中国现代出版业的最大基地,“这里不仅拥有全国最重要的出版社、最先进的印刷设备和最健全的发行网络,而且汇聚着大批出版、印刷和发行方面的优秀人才,由上海出版、发行的图书和期刊,占全国出版总量的半数以上,是名副其实的全国最大的出版中心,被誉为出版之城。”

去年适逢抗日战争暨世界反法西斯战争胜利70周年,上海远东出版社推出由上海社科院近代上海史创新型学科首席专家周武研究员主编的《二战中的上海》,试图全景式地深入考察上海这座国际都市在二战中的命运,其中一章就讲述了战时上海出版业的艰难时日。

为什么说战前的上海书业是“黄金时代”?上海出版业在战时采取了哪些措施减少损失?日本怎样通过控制出版业而引导舆论?民国时期著名的商务印书馆命运如何?近日,早报记者对《二战中的上海》主编周武进行了专访,请他讲述战时上海出版业的烽火岁月。

战前上海出版业处于“黄金时代”

东方早报:“八一三”事变之前,上海出版业的总体情况如何?

周武:如果用一句话概括,可以说战前是上海出版业的“黄金时代”。开埠以后,上海就开始逐渐建立自己的出版优势,并取代雕版时代的出版中心,一跃而为新书业的中心。1905年科举停废之后,上海作为全国出版中心的地位得到进一步巩固。到了1920-1930年代,上海已发展成为亚洲最国际化、最繁华的都市,上海出版业在此前累积的优势基础上更迎来它的鼎盛时代。什么叫鼎盛,去当年的文化街看一下就明白了。曾亲历这个时代的老出版人朱联保先生在《近现代上海出版印象记》一书中为我们记录了他的亲眼所见。

更重要的是,当年全国规模最大实力最强的五大书局,即所谓“商中世大开”,全都集中在上海。“商”即1897年创办的商务印书馆,“中”就是1912年创办的中华书局,“世”即1917年创办的世界书局,“大”即1916年创办的大东书局,“开”就是1926年创办的开明书店。这五大书局,特别是商务、中华、世界三大书局,它们的出版物册数就占全国出版物总册数的60%以上。

说战前是中国出版业的“黄金时代”,还有一个重要的标志,那就是创造了一大批品牌出版物,譬如商务印书馆的《四部丛刊》《百衲本二十四史》《万有文库》《汉译世界名著》和《辞源》,中华书局的《四库备要》《辞海》,良友图书印刷公司的《中国新文学大系》,开明书局的《活页文选》和《开明青年丛书》,文化生活出版社的《文学丛刊》,良友公司的《良友画报》等等,这些大型丛书、期刊不但在当时产生过重大影响,而且至今仍被奉为经典,备受推崇。

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