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汤显祖茶室玉茗堂

2016-11-24 11:46:29   

●董联桥

汤显祖在南京为官,离顾渚、阳羡不远,好茶是有的喝。南京的官没有事做,整天闲得发慌,不是吟诗作对、品茶饮酒,就是游山玩水、携妓唱曲。汤显祖能享用到贡品茶应该是没有问题的。

夜半清杯玉茗堂,一麾千里寄宜阳。

登朝积岁游何薄,失路逢知语自长。

明汤显祖《送岳石梁仲兄西粤》

2016年是汤显祖逝世四百周年,上海还专门搞了一个“漫游牡丹亭”来纪念这位戏剧大师。前年秋天,我去江西抚州的留坑村寻访。这是从唐代逐渐繁衍起来的一个董姓村落。在抚州顺便参观了汤显祖纪念馆和大剧院。

汤显祖,字义仍,号海若、若士、清远道人,江西临川人。汤显祖为万历年进士,任南京太常寺博士,礼部主事,是明代著名的戏剧家、文学家。汤显祖出身书香门第,其父亲汤尚贤是明朝嘉靖年很有影响的学者。

万历十九年,汤显祖四十一岁。他对日渐腐败的朝廷内宦外官深恶痛绝而秉笔上书,触怒了万历皇帝,被直接贬职至雷州半岛的徐闻做了个典史。

徐闻算是大陆最南端了。我不知道为什么历朝历代皇上都喜欢把这些不听话的官员贬到那个地方,比如宋代就有苏家兄弟、寇准、李刚等官员。过了琼州海峡就是海南岛了,朝廷觉得这就是天涯海角了吧。

在徐闻一年后,汤显祖被召回到浙江遂昌做了县令,他去酷刑,减科条,修书院,把这块地方当成了实现自己理想的地方,甚至放囚犯回家过年,元宵节组织犯人观灯。

这可给了其政敌最好的把柄,汤显祖也听说有人赶他走,便提了辞职申请,不待批复便挂印回家了。

回到故乡,汤显祖开始戏剧创作。《还魂记》、《紫钗记》、《南柯梦》、《邯郸记》合成“临川四梦”就是在这一期间的作品。其中以《牡丹亭》为之最。

北京朝阳门南新仓有青春版室内《牡丹亭》,我曾专程去观看,美的不得了。

汤显祖不畏权势,洁身自好,连权倾一时的张居正也不放在眼里。张居正的政治改革得到了万历皇帝的支持,对于腐朽的明王朝来说,算是一针强心剂。

张居正一人独大,以权谋私,他想让自己的几个儿子都考上进士,就想拉几个人一起考。其中就点当时名声很大的汤显祖和沈懋学陪考。结果沈懋学投靠了张居正,而汤显祖却拒绝了。

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